Surveys in Geophysics

https://link.springer.com/journal/10712

List of Papers (Total 235)

Advancements in Controlled Source Electromagnetic Methods for Prospecting Unconventional Hydrocarbon Resources in China

Globally, unconventional hydrocarbons, known for the symbiosis of their hydrocarbon source and reservoir, pose significant seismic exploration challenges due to their confined target regions, extensive burial depth, minimal acoustic impedance variation, marked heterogeneity, and strong anisotropy. Over the past decade, electromagnetic (EM) exploration has evolved markedly...

Advancements in Controlled Source Electromagnetic Methods for Prospecting Unconventional Hydrocarbon Resources in China

Globally, unconventional hydrocarbons, known for the symbiosis of their hydrocarbon source and reservoir, pose significant seismic exploration challenges due to their confined target regions, extensive burial depth, minimal acoustic impedance variation, marked heterogeneity, and strong anisotropy. Over the past decade, electromagnetic (EM) exploration has evolved markedly...

Ocean Biology Studied from Space

Visible spectral radiometric measurements from space, commonly referred to as ocean-colour measurements, provide a rich stream of information on ocean biota as well as on biological and ecosystem processes. The strength of the ocean-colour technology for observing marine life lies in its global reach, combined with its ability to sample the field at a variety of spatial and...

Pre-earthquake Ionospheric Anomalies and Ionospheric Storms Observed by FORMOSAT-5/AIP and GIM TEC

The mission of Advanced Ionospheric Probe (AIP) onboard FORMOSAT-5 (F5) satellite is to detect pre-earthquake ionospheric anomalies (PEIAs) and observe ionospheric space weather. F5/AIP plasma quantities in the nighttime of 22:30 LT (local time) and the total electron content (TEC) of the global ionosphere map (GIM) are used to study PEIAs of an M7.3 earthquake in the Iran–Iraq...

A Review of the Source Characteristics and Physical Mechanisms of Very Long Period (VLP) Seismic Signals at Active Volcanoes

Very Long Period (VLP) signals with periods longer than 2 s may occur during eruptive or quiet phases at volcanoes of all types (shield and stratovolcanoes with calderas, as well as other stratovolcanoes) and are inherently connected to fluid movement within the plumbing system. This is supported by observations at several volcanoes that indicate a correlation between gas...

Inland Surface Waters Quantity Monitored from Remote Sensing

In recent decades, water availability, water use, water sharing and freshwater supply for basic human and economic needs have become central scientific and humanitarian issues. With increasing water scarcity in many regions and increasing frequency of extreme flooding in other regions, there is a need to improve predictive capacity, to collect a large amount of information on key...

Soil Moisture and Sea Surface Salinity Derived from Satellite-Borne Sensors

The monitoring of soil moisture and sea surface salinity over the Earth has been profoundly enhanced during the last thirteen years due to a new generation of satellite sensors. L-band radiometry is currently the only technology providing direct measurements of soil moisture, insensitive to surface roughness and distribution of elements in the soil, and the only technology the...

Closure of Earth’s Global Seasonal Cycle of Energy Storage

The global seasonal cycle of energy in Earth’s climate system is quantified using observations and reanalyses. After removing long-term trends, net energy entering and exiting the climate system at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) should agree with the sum of energy entering and exiting the ocean, atmosphere, land, and ice over the course of an average year. Achieving such a...

Electromagnetic Modeling Using Adaptive Grids – Error Estimation and Geometry Representation

This review paper addresses the development of numerical modeling of electromagnetic fields in geophysics with a focus on recent finite element simulation. It discusses ways of estimating errors of our solutions for a perfectly matched modeling domain and the problems that arise from its insufficient representation. After a brief outline of early methods and modeling approaches...

Mass Balances of the Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets Monitored from Space

Satellite data have revealed that the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets are changing rapidly due to warming air and ocean temperatures. Crucially, Earth Observations can now be used to measure ice sheet mass balance at the continental scale, which can help reduce uncertainties in the ice sheets’ past, present, and future contributions to global mean sea level. The launch of...

Theories of Growth and Propagation of Parallel Whistler-Mode Chorus Emissions: A Review

The significant role of nonlinear wave–particle interactions in the macrodynamics and microdynamics of the Earth’s outer radiation belt has long been recognised. Electron dropouts during magnetic storms, microbursts in atmospheric electron precipitation, and pulsating auroras are all associated with the rapid scattering of energetic electrons by the whistler-mode chorus, a...

Towards Millimeter-Level Accuracy in GNSS-Based Space Geodesy: A Review of Error Budget for GNSS Precise Point Positioning

The aim of the new generation of Global Geodetic Observing System is a millimeter-level accuracy in positioning, with a crucial role to be played by Global Navigation Satellites Systems (GNSS) in the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) mode. This is of course because GNSS constellations and receivers provide an efficient stand-alone technique with a homogeneous performance over large...

On Gravimetric Detection of Thin Elongated Sources Using the Growth Inversion Approach

Thin elongated sources, such as dykes, sills, chimneys, inclined sheets, etc., often encountered in volcano gravimetric studies, pose great challenges to gravity inversion methods based on model exploration and growing sources bodies. The Growth inversion approach tested here is based on partitioning the subsurface into right-rectangular cells and populating the cells with...

Ocean Circulation from Space

This paper reviews the recent progress in our estimation of ocean dynamic topography and the derived surface geostrophic currents, mainly based on multiple nadir radar altimeter missions. These altimetric observations provide the cornerstone of our ocean circulation observing system from space. The largest signal in sea surface topography is from the mean surface dominated by the...

Satellite Remote Sensing of Surface Winds, Waves, and Currents: Where are we Now?

This review paper reports on the state-of-the-art concerning observations of surface winds, waves, and currents from space and their use for scientific research and subsequent applications. The development of observations of sea state parameters from space dates back to the 1970s, with a significant increase in the number and diversity of space missions since the 1990s. Sensors...

Analytical Solutions for Gravitational Potential up to Its Third-order Derivatives of a Tesseroid, Spherical Zonal Band, and Spherical Shell

The spherical shell and spherical zonal band are two elemental geometries that are often used as benchmarks for gravity field modeling. When applying the spherical shell and spherical zonal band discretized into tesseroids, the errors may be reduced or cancelled for the superposition of the tesseroids due to the spherical symmetry of the spherical shell and spherical zonal band...

Permafrost Monitoring from Space

Permafrost is a sub-ground phenomenon and therefore cannot be directly observed from space. It is an Essential Climate Variable and associated with climate tipping points. Multi-annual time series of permafrost ground temperatures can be, however, derived through modelling of the heat transfer between atmosphere and ground using landsurface temperature, snow- and landcover...

Petro-physical Characterization of the Shallow Sediments in a Coastal Area in NE Italy from the Integration of Active Seismic and Resistivity Data

Integrated geophysical analysis using different methods along with a priori information from wells, is a proven approach to investigate the geology and the petro-physical characteristics of subsoil. We collected seismic and geoelectric data in an area located on the Adriatic coast in North-Eastern Italy, aimed at characterizing the quaternary sediments and the shallow geological...

Fast Computation of Terrain-Induced Gravitational and Magnetic Effects on Arbitrary Undulating Surfaces

Based on a brief review of forward algorithms for the computation of topographic gravitational and magnetic effects, including spatial, spectral and hybrid-domain algorithms working in either Cartesian or spherical coordinate systems, we introduce a new algorithm, namely the CP-FFT algorithm, for fast computation of terrain-induced gravitational and magnetic effects on arbitrary...

Earthquake Characteristics and Structural Properties of the Southern Tyrrhenian Basin from Full Seismic Wave Simulations

Modelling the response of seismic wavefields to sharp lateral variations in crustal discontinuities is essential for seismic tomography application and path effects correction in earthquake source characterization. This is particularly relevant when wavefields cross back-arc oceanic basins, i.e. mixed continental-oceanic settings. High-frequency (>0.05 Hz) seismic waves resonate...