Background: We recently showed that calcitriol increases oxidative and inflammatory stress; moreover, inhibition of calcitriol with high-calcium diets decreased both adipose tissue and systemic oxidative and inflammatory stress in obese mice, whereas dairy exerted a greater effect. However, these findings may be confounded by concomitant changes in adiposity.
Background: There is increasing interest in understanding racial differences in adiposity in specific body depots as a way to explain differential health risks associated with obesity.
Background: Multivitamins are frequently consumed by children, but it is unclear whether this affects the risk of allergic disease.
Background: Complement component 3 (C3) is a novel determinant of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Gene-nutrient interactions with dietary fat may affect MetS risk.
Background: Changes in dietary fat composition could lower the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Adipose tissue is an interesting tissue in this respect because of its role in lipid metabolism and inflammation.
Background: Out-of-home (OH) eating in developed countries is associated with suboptimal dietary intakes, but evidence is scarce on the situation in developing countries.
Background: The nitrogen isotope ratio (expressed as δ15N) of red blood cells (RBCs) is highly correlated with the RBC long-chain ω−3 (n–3) fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in Yup’ik Eskimos. Because δ15N can also be measured in hair samples, it could provide a noninvasive, retrospective biomarker for EPA and DHA intakes.
Background: It is unclear from the inconsistent epidemiologic evidence whether dietary fat intake is associated with future weight change.
Background: Evidence from observational studies suggests that inadequate folate status enhances colorectal carcinogenesis, but results from some randomized trials do not support this hypothesis.
Background: Green tea is reported to have various beneficial effects (eg, anti–stress response and antiinflammatory effects) on human health. Although these functions might be associated with the development and progression of depressive symptoms, no studies have investigated the relation between green tea consumption and depressive symptoms in a community-dwelling population.
Background: The benefit of the Mediterranean-style dietary pattern in mitigating metabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease has not been well investigated among nondiabetic Americans.
Background: An analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey indicated that in older adults exposed to folic acid fortification, the combination of low serum vitamin B-12 and elevated folate is associated with higher concentrations of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid and higher odds ratios for cognitive impairment and anemia than the combination of...
Background: Sarcopenia is thought to be accompanied by increased muscle fat infiltration. However, no longitudinal studies have examined concomitant changes in muscle mass, strength, or fat infiltration in older adults.
Background: Elevated serum triglyceride and low HDL-cholesterol concentrations have been reported in persons with HIV.
Background: Gestational weight gain (GWG) has been shown to be directly associated with birth weight.
Background: Nonanemic iron deficiency is common in toddlers in developed countries. Food-based strategies are safe methods to control and prevent mild micronutrient deficiencies.
Background: Although the protein catabolic effects of metabolic acidosis are well established, it is unclear whether the entire reference range of arterial pH (7.37–7.44) is equivalent for protein balance.
Background: The HIV lipoatrophy syndrome is characterized by loss of subcutaneous fat and is associated with increased resting energy expenditure (REE). Recently, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) modeling of organ-tissue mass combined with specific organ-tissue metabolic rates has been used to gain further insight into the relation of the lean body mass to REE and to better...