Context: Altered vitamin D and calcium homeostasis may play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM).
Context: Autoantibodies to insulin have been described to cause spontaneous hypoglycemia in nondiabetic subjects. There have been occasional reports of spontaneous hypoglycemia due to monoclonal anti-insulin antibodies. We present the first report of a patient with an IgA-κ myeloma in whom frequent hypoglycemia resulted from the ability of the monoclonal IgA-κ to bind insulin.
Context: Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare non-Langerhans form of histiocytosis characterized by xanthomatous tissue infiltration with CD68+ CD1a− foamy histiocytes. Endocrine problems, such as diabetes insipidus and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, frequently occur in ECD, but bilateral adrenal infiltration has rarely been reported in this disease.
Introduction: Infertility is one of commonest disorders to afflict young men and women. The evaluation of infertility is initiated typically after 1 yr of failure to conceive.
Context: In polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), an increased proportion of follicles leave the primordial (resting) pool and initiate growth. However, there is little evidence for a reduced reproductive life span (early menopause) in women with PCOS, suggesting that the dynamics of follicle growth, and of follicle loss by atresia, is altered in PCOS.
Context: Retinol binding protein (RBP4), secreted primarily from the liver and adipose tissues, was recently proposed as a link between obesity and insulin resistance. The role of RBP4 in pediatric obesity, its relationship with subclinical inflammation, and its response to lifestyle changes are not elucidated.
Context: The prognosis for patients diagnosed with anaplastic thyroid cancer is dismal, with a median survival time of only 6 months. Novel therapies are needed for these and other thyroid cancers that are refractory to conventional therapy.
Context: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most aggressive types of cancer characterized by complete refractoriness to multimodal treatment approaches. Therapeutic strategies based on the simultaneous use of proteasome inhibitors and death receptor ligands have been shown to induce apoptosis in several tumor types but have not yet been explored in ATC.
Context: We examined whether human parturition involves functional progesterone withdrawal mediated by changes in myometrial expression of progesterone receptors (PRs)-A and -B.
Context: HOX genes are highly evolutionarily conserved regulators of embryonic development. HOXA10 also regulates differentiation of the adult reproductive tract and mammary gland in response to sex steroids.
Context: A middle-aged woman with recent-onset painful swollen fingers and widespread periostitis, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and accelerated skeletal turnover was found not to have mutations in the gene sequences for exon 1 of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK), osteoprotegerin (OPG), or sequestosome-1.
Background: Adipose tissue is responsible for releasing various adipokines that have been related to insulin resistance. Understanding the relationship of these adipokines to insulin resistance may foster the development of new treatments for diabetes.
Context: Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) has recently emerged as an independent risk marker for cardiovascular disease, but studies investigating the ADMA levels in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) are scarce.
Context: Obestatin, a sibling of ghrelin derived from preproghrelin, opposes ghrelin’s effects on food intake. Plasma obestatin profiles in relation to ghrelin have not been fully investigated in human obesity.
Context: In the human ovary, expression of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is detected primarily in granulosa cells of preantral and small antral follicles. This finding is consistent with the tight correlation between circulating AMH levels and the number of small antral follicles (2–5 mm) in normal and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women. In addition, the greater follicle count...
Context: The mechanism associated with the overproduction of aldosterone by aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA) is unknown.
Context: Pubertal stages have been shown to influence total adiponectin (ADPN) levels. Furthermore, testosterone has been shown to alter the isomer distribution of ADPN.
Context: In animals, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) and PPARγ agonists down-regulate 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) mRNA and activity in liver and adipose tissue, respectively, and PPARγ agonists reduce ACTH secretion from corticotrope cells.
Context: Several studies assessed adiponectin levels in anorexia nervosa (AN) patients, however, data regarding the dynamics of changes in adiponectin levels during refeeding of these patients is limited and contradicting.
Context: GH and other stress hormones stimulate lipolysis, which may result in free fatty acid (FFA)-mediated insulin resistance. However, there are also indications that FFAs in the very low physiological range have the same effect.