Pneumonia

http://pneumonia.biomedcentral.com

List of Papers (Total 237)

Host genetic variants associated with susceptibility and severity of pneumococcal pneumonia in adult patients

Pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (P-CAP) is a major cause of morbidity and hospitalization. Several host genetics factors influencing risk of pneumococcal disease have been identified, with less information about its association with P-CAP. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) within key genes involved in the innate...

Time to recovery and its determinant factors among patients with COVID-19 in Assosa COVID-19 treatment center, Western Ethiopia

The Novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has become a global threat. Determining the time to recovery from COVID-19 is intended to assist healthcare professionals in providing better care, and planning logistics. So, the study aimed to identify the factors that affect the time to recovery from COVID-19 for patients treated at Assosa COVID-19 treatment center, Benishangul...

A high α1-antitrypsin/interleukin-10 ratio predicts bacterial pneumonia in adults with community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective cohort study

Current microbiological tests fail to identify the causative microorganism in more than half of all pneumonia cases. We explored biomarkers that could be used for differentiating between bacterial and viral pneumonia in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). In this prospective cohort study conducted in Japan, data obtained from adult patients with bacterial pneumonia...

Risk of subsequent lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) after hospitalization for COVID-19 LRTI and non-COVID-19 LRTI: a retrospective cohort study

Respiratory pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2, can cause pulmonary structural damage and physiologic impairment, which may increase the risk of subsequent lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). Prior hospitalization for any reason is a risk factor for LRTI, but data on the risk of subsequent new-onset LRTI following hospitalization for COVID-19 LRTI or non-COVID-19 LRTI are...

Thymalfasin therapy accelerates COVID-19 pneumonia rehabilitation through anti-inflammatory mechanisms

Thymosin drugs are commonly used for the treatment of viral infections due to their immunomodulatory effects. The comprehensive clinical efficacy of Thymalfasin therapy for COVID-19 associated pneumonia is not yet fully researched, another issue, whether the use of thymosin drugs can reduce the rate of COVID-19 progression to severe pneumonia has not been well documented. The aim...

Risk of pneumonia in the vicinity of goat farms: a comparative assessment of temporal variation based on longitudinal health data

Although the association between living in the vicinity of a goat farm and the occurrence of pneumonia is well-documented, it is unclear whether the higher risk of pneumonia in livestock dense areas is season-specific or not. This study explored the temporal variation of the association between exposure to goat farms and the occurrence of pneumonia. A large population-based study...

A brief history of and future prospects for pneumococcal vaccination in Malaysia

Pneumococcal pneumonia remains a significant global public health issue. Malaysia has recently added the 10 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine to its national immunisation programme. Data on pneumococcal serotype epidemiology is vital for informing national vaccination policy. However, there remains a lack of representative population-based pneumococcal surveillance in...

Clinical algorithm reduces antibiotic use among children presenting with respiratory symptoms to hospital in central Vietnam

To assess the safety and utility of a pragmatic clinical algorithm to guide rational antibiotic use in children presenting with respiratory infection. The effect of an algorithm to guide the management of young (< 5 years) children presenting with respiratory symptoms to the Da Nang Hospital for Women and Children, Vietnam, was evaluated in a before-after intervention analysis...

Effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on reducing the risk of respiratory disease associated with coronavirus infection

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) provide protection against vaccine-type pneumococcal disease in both children and adults. Growing evidence suggests that PCVs also reduce pneumonia and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) more broadly, including protecting against viral-associated respiratory diseases. In this short narrative review, we highlight clinical studies...

Incidence of non-invasive all-cause pneumonia in children in the United States before and after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines: a retrospective claims database analysis

Pneumonia is the most serious form of acute respiratory infection and Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of pediatric bacterial pneumonia. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines were introduced in the United States (US) in 2000 (7-valent [PCV7]) and 2010 (13-valent [PCV13]). This study estimated annual incidence rates (IRs) of all-cause pneumonia (ACP) among US children aged...

Healthcare resource utilization and cost of pneumococcal disease in children in Germany, 2014–2019: a retrospective cohort study

Since the introduction of higher valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in 2009, recent estimates on the economic burden of pediatric pneumococcal disease (PD) in Germany have been lacking. This study estimates healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and medical cost associated with PDs in children < 16 years old in Germany from 2014–2019. A nationally representative sample from...

Acute organ injury and long-term sequelae of severe pneumococcal infections

Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is a major public health problem, as it is a main cause of otitis media, community-acquired pneumonia, bacteremia, sepsis, and meningitis. Acute episodes of pneumococcal disease have been demonstrated to cause organ damage with lingering negative consequences. Cytotoxic products released by the bacterium, biomechanical and physiological stress...

Innate immune responses in pneumonia

The lungs are an immunologically unique environment; they are exposed to innumerable pathogens and particulate matter daily. Appropriate clearance of pathogens and response to pollutants is required to prevent overwhelming infection, while preventing tissue damage and maintaining efficient gas exchange. Broadly, the innate immune system is the collection of immediate, intrinsic...

Pulse oximetry: why oxygen saturation is still not a part of standard pediatric guidelines in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs)

With the high frequency of acute respiratory infections in children worldwide, particularly so in low-resource countries, the development of effective diagnostic support is crucial. While pulse oximetry has been found to be an acceptable method of hypoxemia detection, improving clinical decision making and efficient referral, many healthcare set ups in low- and middle-income...

Joint modeling of longitudinal measures of pneumonia and time to convalescence among pneumonia patients: a comparison of separate and joint models

Globally, pneumonia is the leading cause of children under age five morbidity and mortality with 98% of deaths in developing countries. This study aimed to identify the determinants of longitudinal measures of pneumonia and time to convalescence or recovery of under five admitted pneumonia patients at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. A prospective cohort study...

Risk factors for childhood pneumonia at Adama Hospital Medical College, Adama, Ethiopia: a case-control study

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection of the lungs. A child dies of pneumonia every 39 s globally. Even though pneumonia affects children worldwide, the risk and repercussions of the disease are more prevalent in poor and middle-income nations. Despite the initiatives by the Ethiopian government, there are still numerous instances and deaths caused by childhood pneumonia...

Comparing the demographics and laboratory biomarkers of the COVID-19 Omicron wave and the Alpha wave in a predominantly Afro-Caribbean patient population in New York City

There is a knowledge gap of specific characteristics linked to disease severity of the different COVID-19 waves, especially in underserved populations. We compared the demographic and clinical factors associated with SARS-CoV-2-infected patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) during the Omicron and Alpha waves. An observational study comparing two COVID-19 waves was...

Estimated incidence of respiratory hospitalizations attributable to RSV infections across age and socioeconomic groups

Surveillance for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) likely captures just a fraction of the burden of disease. Understanding the burden of hospitalizations and disparities between populations can help to inform upcoming RSV vaccine programs and to improve surveillance. We obtained monthly age-, ZIP code- and cause-specific hospitalizations in New York, New Jersey, and Washington...

The remarkable history of pneumococcal vaccination: an ongoing challenge

Although it varies with age and geographical distribution, the global burden of infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) remains considerable. The elderly, and younger adults with comorbid conditions, are at particularly high risk of pneumococcal infection, and this risk will increase as the population ages. Vaccination should be the backbone of our current...

Acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19: possible mechanisms and therapeutic management

COVID-19 pandemic is a serious concern in the new era. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and lung failure are the main lung diseases in COVID-19 patients. Even though COVID-19 vaccinations are available now, there is still an urgent need to find potential treatments to ease the effects of COVID-19 on already sick patients. Multiple experimental drugs have been approved...

Identified micro-organisms in hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia patients living near goat and poultry farms

In the Netherlands, an increased risk of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) has been reported for adults living near goat and poultry farms. Previous results of respiratory microbiome studies in hospitalized CAP patients near poultry farms suggested a higher relative abundance of Streptococcus pneumoniae. This retrospective study, using routine laboratory data from hospitalized...