Journal of Immunology Research

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jir/

List of Papers (Total 9,842)

Thymic Involution in Viable Motheaten (meυ) Mice is Associated with a Loss of Intrathymic Precursor Activity

Mice homozygous for the viable motheaten (meυ) allele manifest abnormalities in thymocytopoiesis, are severely immunodeficient, and develop autoimmune disorders early in life. Premature thymic involution occurs in meυ/meυ mice, and their bone marrow prothymocytes are unable to repopulate the thymus of adoptive recipients following intravenous (i.v.) transfer. However, analysis of...

Lymphocyte Subpopulation Number and Function in Infancy

Normal values for percentages of lymphocyte subpopulations and functional responses to mitogen stimulation in infancy are not well established. In the present study, lymphocyte subpopulations were examined in umbilical cord blood samples and in peripheral blood samples drawn before 7 and 24 months of age (mean age 10.4 months) from a healthy population of infants born in Tucson...

Thymus Ontogeny in Frogs: T-Cell Renewal at Metamorphosis

Metamorphosis in amphibians presents a unique problem for the developing immune system. Because tadpoles are free-living, they need an immune system to protect against potential pathogens. However, at metamorphosis, they acquire a variety of new adultspecific molecules to which the tadpole immune system must become tolerant. We hypothesized that Xenopus laevis tadpoles may avoid...

Lineage Switch Macrophages Can Present Antigen

Recent reports of “lineage switching“ from a lymphoid to macrophage phenotype have left unresolved the question of whether such cells are functional macrophages or nonfunctional products of differentiation gone awry. This study demonstrates that several “macrophage-like“ cell lines derived from v-Ha-ras-transformed pre-B cells have gained the capacity to effectively present...

A New Marker on Chicken Hematopoietic Cells is Defined by a Monoclonal Antibody Raised Against a V ß Chain of the Human TCR

In this paper, we show that a mouse monoclonal antibody, 111-427, specific for the V ß 5.3 chain of the human T-cell receptor (TCR) for antigen, also reacts with chicken hematopoietic cells. Our data indicate that the majority of 111-427 positive cells among peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) are thrombocytes. This antibody also recognizes two in vitro cell lines, III-C5, an IL-2...

Self-Reactivity and the Expression of Memory Markers Vary Independently in MRL-Mp

MRL-Mp-lpr/lpr mice contain phenotypically abnormal populations of T cells, and exhibit an SLE-like autoimmune disease in which autoantibodies are a prominent feature. We analyzed the phenotype and T-cell receptor Vß expression pattern in CD4

Expression of GATA-3 During Lymphocyte Differentiation and Mouse Embryogenesis

The GATA family of C4 zinc-finger transcription factors has been implicated in tissuespecific gene regulation in birds and mammals. One of the members of this family, GATA-3, is reportedly expressed specifically in the T-cell lineage, where it interacts with GATA motifs in the TCR-αα, TCR-β/, and TCR-δ enhancers, thereby controlling the T-cell phenotype. To evaluate the...

Cellular Pathway(S) of Antigen Processing and Presentation in Fish APC: Endosomal Involvement and Cell-Free Antigen Presentation

Studies were conducted to address further the role(s) of antigen processing and presentation in the induction of immune responses in a phylogenetically lower vertebrate, specifically a teleost, the channel catfish. In particular, studies were aimed at determining the subcellular compartments involved in antigen degradation by channel catfish antigen-presenting cells (APC) as well...

Developmental and Anatomical Patterns Of IL-2 Gene Expression in Vivo in The Murine Thymus

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a potent growth factor that mature T lymphocytes synthesize and use as a proliferation signal. Much controversy has arisen concerning whether it is used to drive the extensive proliferation of immature pre-T cells in the thymus. Immature thymocytes acquire the competence to express IL-2 at an early stage, but it has remained uncertain whether they are...

Characterization of Thymic Nurse-Cell Lymphocytes, Using an Improved Procedure for Nurse-Cell Isolation

Thymic nurse cells (TNC), multicellular complexes consisting of lymphoid cells enclosed within cortical epithelial cells, were isolated from mouse thymus by a modified procedure allowing immunofluorescent labeling and flow cytometric analysis of their lymphoid contents (TNC-L). Collagenase was the only protease used for tissue digestion, to ensure that surface antigen markers...

Epithelium-Free Area in The Thymic Cortex of Rats

The histology of epithelium-free areas in the subcapsular region of the thymus was studied in Wistar rats. Lymphocytes in these areas were CD4/CD8 double-positive, TCR α/β positive in low intensity, and in CD5 labeling either negative or positive in low intensity. There was a high proliferative activity as assessed by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation in vivo and detected by...

Modulation of Cytokeratin Expression in The Hamster Thymus: Evidence For a Plasticity of The Thymic Epithelium

Cytokeratin (CK) expression was investigated, by means of immunocytochemistry, in the hamster thymic epithelium during ontogeny, as well as in primary cultures and upon glucocorticoid hormone treatment in vivo. As compared to the distribution pattern of distinct monoclonal antibody-defined cytokeratins in the normal adult thymus, CK modulation was evidenced in the three...

Positive and Negative Selection in Transgenic Mice Expressing a T-Cell Receptor Specific for Influenza Nucleoprotein and Endogenous Superantigen

A transgenic mouse was generated expressing on most (>80%) of thymocytes and peripheral T cells a T-cell receptor isolated from a cytotoxic T-cell clone (F5). This clone is CD8

Evolution of a CD3

In order to study extrathymic differentiation in vitro, CD7

IgH Diversity In an Individual With Only One Million B Lymphocytes

Immunoglobulin sequences from an individual Xenopus laevis froglet were analyzed for combinatorial and junctional diversity. In an animal with about 106 B lymphocytes, at least 26 out of the 56 VH1 genes available in a diploid genome were expressed, as were all JH segments. Junctional diversity was similar to that observed in Xenopus tadpole sequences, that is, little or no N...

Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFβ) Is Produced by and Influences the Proliferative Response of Xenopus laevis Lymphocytes

Both TGF/β2 and 5 have been described in the South African clawed frog Xenopus laevis and have been cloned from the tadpole-derived fibroblast cell line, XTC. Because TGFβ has such a profound inhibitory effect on the mammalian immune system, this study was performed to determine whether TGFβ: (a) has any in vitro effects on the growth of Xenopus lymphoblasts, and (b) is produced...

Reconstitution Properties of Thymus Stem Cells in Murine Fetal Liver

Injection of day-12 murine fetal liver cells into thymus lobes of Thy-1 congenic adult recipients results in a wave of thymocyte development. The kinetics of repopulation by donor cells reaches a peak after 20–25 days. The frequency of thymic stem cells (TSC) in day-12 fetal liver was estimated, by limit dilution, as 1 in 4x104 cells. Within 8 hr of injection into a thymus lobe...

The Accessory Molecule Lgp55 Plays a Role Early in Murine Fetal Thymocyte Differentiation

A rat IgM monoclonal antibody, PA3-795, inhibits the antigen-specific responses of mouse T-cell hybridomas. It recognizes a heavily glycosylated cell-surface protein, designated Lgp55, that is detectable after activation on mature T cells. During fetal life, Lgp55 is found at high levels on newly immigrant thymic T-cell precursors prior to surface expression of other T-lineage...

Strain-Dependent Migration of CD4 and CD8 Lymphocyte Subsets to Lymph Nodes in NOD (Nonobese Diabetic) and Control Mice

Subpopulations of lymphoid cells were compared with respect to their ability to migrate into peripheral lymphoid organs of nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and various strains of control mice. In short-term, in vivo homing studies, no major differences in the pattern of homing of B and T cells were observed among all mouse strains studied. On the other hand, CD4 cells localized...

Quantitative Analysis of the Efficiency of Clonal Deletion in the Thymus

One of the major mechanisms for establishing self-tolerance is the clonal deletion of self-reactive T cells during their development in the thymus. Using a TCR transgenic mouse model, we have established a quantitative ex vivo assay for examining the sensitivity and specificity of negative selection. Thymic organ cultures established from mice of varying MHC haplotypes were...

Differential Expression Of Adhesion Molecules Within The Human Thymus

Development of a diverse, MHC-restricted yet self-tolerant T-cell repertoire occurs within the thymus, and requires contact between developing T cells and their stromal microenvironment. Such interactions are likely to depend on the combinatorial effect of specific adhesion molecules. As a preliminary step to determining their role in T-cell development, we have studied the...

Role of β2 Integrins in the Binding of Thymocytes to Rat Thymic Macrophages

A role of β2 integrins and one of their ligands, ICAM-1, in thymic macrophage (TMF)/thymocyte interactions was studied. TMF were isolated as adherent cells from 4-day old culture of thymic-cell suspensions either from normal or hydrocortisone-treated rats. Adherent cells were 94-98% positive with ED1 (a pan-macrophage marker). The majority of them (75-95%) expressed the CD11b and...

In Vivo and In Vitro Expression of Tenascin by Human Thymic Microenvironmental Cells

Increasing evidence reveals that extracellular matrix components can be regarded as a group of mediators in intrathymic T-cell migration and/or differentiation. Yet, little is kown about the expression and putative function of one particular extracellular matrix protein, namely, tenascin in the thymus. Herein we investigated, by means of immunocytochemistry, tenascin expression...