In boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), initiation of bisphosphonate is recommended upon identification of moderate or severe vertebral fractures, even if asymptomatic. Clear radiological reporting is important for consistency of clinical interpretation and management. To audit radiology reports of spine imaging for vertebral fracture assessment in DMD, and assess...
In recent years, imaging has become increasingly important to confirm diagnosis, monitor disease activity, and predict disease course and outcome in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Over the past few decades, great efforts have been made to improve the quality of diagnostic imaging and to reach a consensus on which methods and scoring systems to use. However...
Upper respiratory tract infections usually peak during winter months. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether imaging of complicated upper airway infection in children increased during the winter season of 2022/2023. In a retrospective study setting, pediatric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans for evaluation of upper respiratory tract...
Liver transplantation is the state-of-the-art curative treatment in end-stage liver disease. Imaging is a key element for successful organ-transplantation to assist surgical planning. So far, only limited data regarding the best radiological approach to prepare children for liver transplantation is available. In an attempt to harmonize imaging surrounding pediatric liver...
Though neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been widely used in the treatment of hepatoblastoma, there still lacks an effective way to predict its effect. To characterize hepatoblastoma based on radiomics image features and identify radiomics-based lesion phenotypes by unsupervised machine learning, intended to build a classifier to predict the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In...
Skeletal dysplasias collectively affect a large number of patients worldwide. Most of these disorders cause growth anomalies. Hence, evaluating skeletal maturity via the determination of bone age (BA) is a useful tool. Moreover, consecutive BA measurements are crucial for monitoring the growth of patients with such disorders, especially for timing hormonal treatment or orthopedic...
Glycolytic metabolism in the brain of pediatric patients, imaged with [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is incompletely characterized. The purpose of the current study was to characterize [18F]FDG-PET brain uptake in a large sample of pediatric patients with non-central nervous system diseases as an alternative to healthy subjects to evaluate...
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered an objective biomarker of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), but the longitudinal progression of MRI biomarkers in gluteal muscle groups and their predictive value for future motor function have not been described. To explore MRI biomarkers of the gluteal muscle groups as predictors of motor function decline in DMD by...
Upper gastrointestinal (GI) contrast studies are frequently requested to aid superior mesenteric artery syndrome diagnosis, a rare entity. Compression of the third duodenal part is expected to be mid-to-left of the midline where the superior mesenteric artery arises from the aorta; however, a duodenal impression to the right of the midline due to normal anatomic impression by the...
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is often associated with chronic right ventricular (RV) volume overload. Real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables the analysis of cardiac function during free breathing. To evaluate the influence of respiration in pediatric patients with CHD and chronic RV volume overload. RV volume overload patients (n=6) and controls (n=6) were recruited...
A first febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common condition in children, and pathways of management have evolved over time. To determine the extent to which pediatricians and surgeons differ in their investigation and management of a first febrile UTI, and to evaluate the justifications for any divergence of approach. A literature search was conducted for papers...
The European-funded Health Effects of Cardiac Fluoroscopy and Modern Radiotherapy in Pediatrics (HARMONIC) project is a multicenter cohort study assessing the long-term effects of ionizing radiation in patients with congenital heart disease. Knowledge is lacking regarding the use of ionizing radiation from sources other than cardiac catheterization in this cohort. This study aims...
The positive impact of diversity on health research and outcomes is well-recognised and widely published. Despite this, published evidence shows that at every step of the research pathway, issues of equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI) arise. There is evidence of a lack of diversity within research teams, in the research questions asked/research participants recruited, on grant...
Common disorders of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, such as gastroesophageal reflux/disease (GER/D) and constipation, are frequent causes for seeking medical support in infants. Diagnostic workup must ensure that diagnosed diseases are responsible for such complaints, thus enabling appropriate therapy. In this context assessment consists of clinical examination, functional tests...
Myocardial fibrosis has recently been proposed as one of the contributing factors to the diverse pathogenicity of cardiomyopathy in sickle cell disease. In this study, cardiac fibrosis and subclinical cardiac changes in children with sickle cell disease were evaluated using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), tissue Doppler echocardiography and serum galectin-3. The study...
Biopsy remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis, the leading cause of pediatric chronic liver disease; however, its costs call for less invasive methods. This study examined the diagnostic accuracy and reliability of quantitative ultrasound (QUS) for the assessment of liver fat content in a pediatric population, using magnetic resonance imaging proton...
To investigate the feasibility of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) as a predictive imaging marker after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with rhabdomyosarcoma. We performed a multicenter retrospective study including pediatric, adolescent and young adult patients with rhabdomyosarcoma, Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study group III/IV, treated according to...
Body composition during childhood may predispose to negative health outcomes later in life. Automatic segmentation may assist in quantifying pediatric body composition in children. To evaluate automatic segmentation for body composition on pediatric computed tomography (CT) scans and to provide normative data on muscle and fat areas throughout childhood using automatic...
Portal vein arterialization is a rarely used, temporary surgical salvage solution to prevent biliary and hepatic ischemia and necrosis in acute liver de-arterialization. However, it can induce portal hypertension, causing increased morbidity and mortality. We report the case of a 5-year-old girl with portal hypertension and right ventricle volume overload following the creation...
Pediatric spinal trauma is rare, but the consequences of a missed injury can be devastating. Medical imaging is often needed in addition to physical examination. Conventional radiographs are widely recommended, but their negative predictive value is limited. Computed tomography (CT) is more sensitive but has a higher radiation dose. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has superior...