EJNMMI Research

http://www.ejnmmires.com/

List of Papers (Total 944)

Advancements in theranostic applications: exploring the role of fibroblast activation protein inhibition tracers in enhancing thyroid health assessment

The diagnostic accuracy of [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]-FDG) positron emission tomography imaging in accurately identifying thyroid lesions is limited, primarily due to the physiological uptake of normal head and neck tissues and inflammatory uptake in lymph nodes. Since fibroblast activating protein is highly expressed in tumors and largely unexpressed in normal tissues...

[18F]FDOPA PET/CT is superior to [68Ga]DOTATOC PET/CT in diagnostic imaging of pheochromocytoma

Both [18F]FDOPA (FDOPA) and [68Ga]DOTATOC PET/CT (DOTATOC) are widely used for detection of pheochromocytomas/paraganglioma (PPGL). However, direct comparisons of the performance of the two tracers are only available in small series. We conducted a retrospective comparative analysis of FDOPA and DOTATOC to assess their sensitivity and accuracy in detecting PPGL when administered...

Preclinical evaluation of Affibody molecule for PET imaging of human pancreatic islets derived from stem cells

Beta-cell replacement methods such as transplantation of isolated donor islets have been proposed as a curative treatment of type 1 diabetes, but widespread application is challenging due to shortages of donor tissue and the need for continuous immunosuppressive treatments. Stem-cell-derived islets have been suggested as an alternative source of beta cells, but face...

Characterization of a novel model for atherosclerosis imaging: the apolipoprotein E-deficient rat

The apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE−/−) mouse is a well-established model for studying atherosclerosis. However, its small size limits its use in longitudinal positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies. Recently, the apoE−/− rat has emerged as an alternative. With this study, we investigate the feasibility of using apoE−/− rats as an in vivo model for longitudinal...

18F-FDG PET/CT-based deep learning radiomics predicts 5-years disease-free survival after failure to achieve pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer

This study aimed to assess whether a combined model incorporating radiomic and depth features extracted from PET/CT can predict disease-free survival (DFS) in patients who failed to achieve pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This study retrospectively included one hundred and five non-pCR patients. After a median follow-up of 71 months, 15 and 7...

Single time point quantitation of cerebral glucose metabolism by FDG-PET without arterial sampling

Until recently, quantitation of the net influx of 2-[18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) to brain (Ki) and the cerebrometabolic rate for glucose (CMRglc) required serial arterial blood sampling in conjunction with dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) recordings. Recent technical innovations enable the identification of an image-derived input function (IDIF) from vascular...

[18F]FDG PET-MR characterization of aortitis in the IL1rn−/− mouse model of giant-cell arteritis

Metabolic imaging is routinely used to demonstrate aortitis in patients with giant-cell arteritis. We aimed to investigate the preclinical model of aortitis in BALB/c IL1rn−/− mice using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography–magnetic resonance (PET-MR), gamma counting and immunostaining. We used 15 first-generation specific and opportunistic pathogen...

Assessment of hypoxia and oxidative-related changes in a lung-derived brain metastasis model by [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] PET and proteomic studies

Brain metastases (BM) are the most frequent malignant brain tumors. The aim of this study was to characterize the tumor microenvironment (TME) of BM and particularly hypoxia and redox state, known to play a role in tumor growth and treatment resistance with multimodal PET and MRI imaging, immunohistochemical and proteomic approaches in a human lung cancer (H2030-BrM3)-derived BM...

Biological efficacy of simulated radiolabeled Lipiodol® ultra-fluid and microspheres for various beta emitters: study based on VX2 tumors

Radioembolization is one therapeutic option for the treatment of locally early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of Lipiodol® ultra-fluid and microspheres and to simulate their effectiveness with different beta emitters (90Y, 188Re, 32P, 166Ho, 131I, and 177Lu) on VX2 tumors implanted in the liver of 30 New Zealand rabbits...

Development of [89Zr]Zr-hCD103.Fab01A and [68Ga]Ga-hCD103.Fab01A for PET imaging to noninvasively assess cancer reactive T cell infiltration: Fab-based CD103 immunoPET

CD103 is an integrin specifically expressed on the surface of cancer-reactive T cells. The number of CD103+ T cells significantly increases during successful immunotherapy and might therefore be an attractive biomarker for noninvasive PET imaging of immunotherapy response. Since the long half-life of antibodies preclude repeat imaging of CD103+ T cell dynamics early in therapy...

Heterogeneity of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and PSMA-ligand uptake detection combining autoradiography and postoperative pathology in primary prostate cancer

Targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been highly successful for imaging and treatment of prostate cancer. However, heterogeneity in immunohistochemistry indicates limitations in the effect of imaging and radionuclide therapy of multifocal disease. 99mTc-PSMA-I&S is a γ-emitting probe, which can be used for intraoperative lesion detection and postsurgical...

Characterisation of a novel [18F]FDG brain PET database and combination with a second database for optimising detection of focal abnormalities, using focal cortical dysplasia as an example

Brain [18F]FDG PET is used clinically mainly in the presurgical evaluation for epilepsy surgery and in the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders. While scans are usually interpreted visually on an individual basis, comparison against normative cohorts allows statistical assessment of abnormalities and potentially higher sensitivity for detecting abnormalities...

An update on the use of image-derived input functions for human PET studies: new hopes or old illusions?

The need for arterial blood data in quantitative PET research limits the wider usability of this imaging method in clinical research settings. Image-derived input function (IDIF) approaches have been proposed as a cost-effective and non-invasive alternative to gold-standard arterial sampling. However, this approach comes with its own limitations—partial volume effects and...

Adenosine-induced splenic switch-off on [15O]H2O PET perfusion for the assessment of vascular vasodilatation

Splenic switch-off (SSO) is a marker of adequate adenosine-induced vasodilatation on cardiac magnetic resonance perfusion imaging. We evaluate the feasibility of quantitative assessment of SSO in myocardial positron emission tomography (PET) perfusion imaging using [15O]H2O. Thirty patients underwent [15O]H2O PET perfusion with adenosine stress. Time-activity curves, as averaged...

The remodeling of metabolic brain pattern in patients with extracranial diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Owing to the advances in diagnosis and therapy, survival or remission rates for lymphoma have improved prominently. Apart from the lymphoma- and chemotherapy-related somatic symptom burden, increasing attention has been drawn to the health-related quality of life. The application of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) has been...

Effects of novel androgen receptor signaling inhibitors on PSMA PET signal intensity in patients with castrate-resistant prostate cancer: a prospective exploratory serial imaging study

PSMA expression is influenced by hormonal status. We evaluated changes in PSA and whole-body 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT (WB-PSMA PET) after initiation of androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSi). Prospectively enrolled patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) initiating ARSi underwent serial PSA measurements and WB-PSMA PET at baseline, 1-week, and 3...

Head-to-head comparison of relative cerebral blood flow derived from dynamic [18F]florbetapir and [18F]flortaucipir PET in subjects with subjective cognitive decline

Dynamic PET imaging studies provide accurate estimates of specific binding, but also measure the relative tracer delivery (R1), which is a proxy for relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF). Recently, studies suggested that R1 obtained from different tracers could be used interchangeably and is irrespective of target tissue. However, the similarities or differences of R1 obtained from...

Baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics for prognosis prediction in diffuse large B cell lymphoma

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in adults. Standard treatment includes chemoimmunotherapy with R-CHOP or similar regimens. Despite treatment advancements, many patients with DLBCL experience refractory disease or relapse. While baseline 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) parameters have shown...

Quantitative and clinical implications of the EARL2 versus EARL1 [18F]FDG PET-CT performance standards in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

The EANM Research Ltd. (EARL) guidelines give recommendations for harmonization of [18F]FDG PET-CT image acquisition and reconstruction, aiming to ensure reproducibility of quantitative data between PET scanners. Recent technological advancements in PET-CT imaging resulted in an updated version of the EARL guidelines (EARL2). The aim of this study is to compare quantitative [18F...

Myocardial glucose suppression may interfere with the detection of inflammatory cells with FDG-PET as suggested in a canine model of myocardial infarction

After myocardial infarction, fibrosis and an ongoing dysregulated inflammatory response have been shown to lead to adverse cardiac remodeling. FDG PET is an imaging modality sensitive to inflammation as long as suppression protocols are observed while gadolinium enhanced MRI can be used to determine extracellular volume (ECV), a measure of fibrosis. In patients, glucose...

Value of 18F-FDG-PET/CT radiomics combined with clinical variables in the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign vertebral compression fractures

Vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) are common clinical problems that arise from various reasons. The differential diagnosis of benign and malignant VCFs is challenging. This study was designed to develop and validate a radiomics model to predict benign and malignant VCFs with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT). Twenty-six...

Sensitivity of an AI method for [18F]FDG PET/CT outcome prediction of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients to image reconstruction protocols

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), applied to baseline [18F]-FDG PET/CT maximum intensity projections (MIPs), show potential for treatment outcome prediction in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The aim of this study is to investigate the robustness of CNN predictions to different image reconstruction protocols. Baseline [18F]FDG PET/CT scans were collected from 20 DLBCL...

Assessment of resting myocardial blood flow in regions of known transmural scar to confirm accuracy and precision of 3D cardiac positron emission tomography

Composite invasive and non-invasive data consistently demonstrate that resting myocardial blood flow (rMBF) in regions of known transmural myocardial scar (TMS) converge on a value of ~ 0.30 mL/min/g or lower. This value has been confirmed using the 3 most common myocardial perfusion agents (13N, 15O-H2O and 82Rb) incorporating various kinetic models on older 2D positron emission...

Dispersion-corrected extracorporeal arterial input functions in PET studies of mice: a comparison to intracorporeal microprobe measurements

Kinetic modelling of dynamic PET typically requires knowledge of the arterial radiotracer concentration (arterial input function, AIF). Its accurate determination is very difficult in mice. AIF measurements in an extracorporeal shunt can be performed; however, this introduces catheter dispersion. We propose a framework for extracorporeal dispersion correction and validated it by...

Reduced hematopoietic-inflammatory response and worse outcomes in patients with recurrent myocardial infarction in comparison with primary myocardial infarction

Recurrent myocardial infarction (RMI) portends an unfavorable outcome, which might be related to diminished hematopoietic-inflammatory activation. We aimed to investigate the hematopoietic-inflammatory activation and the outcome in categorized patients with primary myocardial infarction (PMI) versus RMI as well as chronic stable angina (CSA) by 18F-FDG PET. A total of 105...