Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis

https://link.springer.com/journal/13632

List of Papers (Total 221)

Influence of Various Alloying Element Additions on Microstructure and Magnetic and Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Cast Fe–Ga–Z Shape Memory Alloys

Fe–Ga alloys are attractive materials where high mechanical strength, toughness, ductility, and large low-field magnetostriction combine to give unique properties. Adding alloying elements is an effective method to further enhance these properties. In order to integrate these alloys into the operating environments, e.g., micro-robots and magnetic actuators, the corrosion behavior...

Litharge from El Centenillo and Fuente Espi: A Geochemical and Mineralogical Investigation of Spanish Silver Processing in the Sierra Morena

Galena is treated as the most important silver ore in antiquity and especially in Roman mining history, but many other silver mineralisation and phases occur in the Earth's crust that also contain valuable amounts of silver for exploitation. This study addresses the silver-containing sulfosalts and how to decide between the alternative ores when only metallurgical remains are...

Severe Plastic Deformed Zones and White Etching Layers Formed During Service of Railway Wheels

The near-surface regions of rail wheels experience a complex thermo-mechanical loading, which varies along the location of the tread and causes severe changes to the microstructure. Occasionally, brittle white etching layers (WEL) are formed, representing a high risk of wheel damage. Therefore, we studied the depth-evolution of the surface-near microstructure along different...

Lead-Glazed Ceramic Fragments: Intentional Glazing or Metallurgical Accident?

Ceramic fragments from an excavation by Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe in 2014 around the deserted early medieval site of Brilon-Alme were subjected to archaeometric analysis. Except for one miniature object, they are coarse-grained tempered, and many of them are coated with a green-brownish glaze. The question arose whether archaeometric investigation could help identify the...

Archeometrical Study of Metallic Remains from “La Ulaña” Archeological Site

This paper shows the results of the archeometallurgical study of 31 iron pieces, 23 bronze pieces, 1 silver, and 1 gold piece found in the archeological site of La Ulaña, which is located in the north of Spain in the foothills of the Cantabrian Mountains, and that lived its period of greatest splendor coinciding with the Second Iron Age. The basic chemical and microstructural...

Geochemical Link Between Slag Inclusion and Hammerscale, a Potential New Tool to Better Understand the Iron Supply of an Archaeological Workshop

Hammerscale is the waste formed during hammering of hot iron on the anvil. It is mainly composed of iron oxides (wüstite, magnetite, hematite) with a variable amount of silica-rich component. This research focuses on the potential geochemical link between hammerscale and smelting derived slag inclusion contained in the metallic iron. In the frame of previous research, the...

Nano-Dimensional Elements in the Structure of Zinc Subjected to KOBO Extrusion

In the study of plastic flow and mechanical features of zinc subjected to severe plastic deformation at low temperature through the KOBO extrusion method, three techniques of micro and nanostructure identification have been used (TEM, STEM, HAADF). It was shown that the pattern of long trails—a typical element of microstructure after the KOBO deformation, results from strain...

Early Efforts to Smelt Iron in Central Anatolia: Analysis of Iron Artefacts from the Bronze Age in Kaman-Kalehöyük

A group of iron artefacts were excavated from the stratigraphic layers at Kaman-Kalehöyük in Central Anatolia, which were dated to the Middle and Early Bronze Ages. Some of them were re-analysed to discuss the state of iron production during such early periods, in terms of intentional carburization. The artefacts were re-examined via a minimally invasive approach by using optical...

Investigations on Copper Cast Cakes, Sickle Fragments and a Spout Axe of the Hoard Find from Drassburg/Burgenland

The Bronze Age hoard from Drassburg contains among other objects cast cakes, sickles, spout axes and fragments of these. Ten copper alloy samples were examined by metallography. The high Pb content of three cast cakes indicates that Pb or Pb ores were intentionally added to the metallic copper. Two cast cakes contain small amounts of Pb and probably copper from the primary...

Metallographic Investigation of the Bronze Sword from Vértesszőlős

The area of Vértesszőlős was a populated area during the wide period of the Bronze Age. Artifacts from different cultures, and among them, many bronze objects were found. Most are ornaments, but tools and weapons have also been unearthed. The weapons found are a fragment of a sword, a blade tip fragment, and a dagger. The primary purpose of the study is the metallographic...

Development of a Heat Treating Process for 9254 Steel Used to Create the Winning Entry in the 2022 Heat Treating Society Strong Bar Competition

This paper summarizes the development of a heat-treating process developed by an undergraduate student team competing in the 2022 Heat Treating Society Strong Bar Competition. The objective of the competition was to heat treat a 10 mm diameter rod of 9254 steel to realize the highest strength possible (with a minimum hardness of 50 HRC) while maintaining sufficient ductility to...

Martensite Fractions Measured by XRD on Fracture Surfaces of Austenitic Stainless Steels Tensile Tested in Gaseous Helium and Hydrogen

Although martensitic transformation is neither necessary nor sufficient to explain hydrogen effects in austenitic stainless steels, the formation of a second phase upon straining results in local strain incompatibilities within the microstructure which can result in hydrogen assisted crack initiation. The fraction of α’-martensite on fracture surfaces of ten commercial austenitic...

Effect of Al Content on the Microstructure and Properties of As-Cast AlxCoCrCuFe Alloys

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) (or multi-principal component alloys) have been mentioned in different studies because they have good corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, but their biocidal ability is still little explored. The microstructural, magnetic, corrosion, and biocidal behavior of as-cast AlxCoCrCuFe high-entropy alloys with x = 0.5 and 0.9 were analyzed using...

Effect of Plasma Nitriding on Structure and Properties of Titanium Grade 2 Produced by Direct Metal Laser Sintering

This article presents the effect of an Indirect Plasma Nitriding process on the microstructure and properties of Titanium Grade- 2 samples manufactured by Direct Metal Laser Sintering Method (DMLS). It was determined, based on morphological analysis that the physical and chemical phenomena occurring at the surface during nitriding has a decisive effect on surface roughening...