Neural Plasticity

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/np/

List of Papers (Total 5,994)

The GABA-Withdrawal Syndrome: A Model of Local Status Epilepticus

The GABA-withdrawal syndrome (GWS) is a model of local status epilepticus following the interruption of a chronic GABA infusion into the rat somatomotor cortex. GWS is characterized by focal epileptic electroencephalographic discharges and associated contralateral myoclonus. In neocorticai slices obtained from GWS rats, most neurons recorded in the GABA-infused area are pyramidal...

Functional and Anatomic Correlates of Two Frequently Observed Temporal Lobe Seizure-Onset Patterns

Intracranial depth electrode EEG records of 478 seizures, recorded in 68 patients undergoing diagnostic monitoring with depth electrodes, were evaluated to investigate the correlates of electrographic onset patterns in patients with temporal lobe seizures. The seizure onsets in 78% of these patients were identified as either hypersynchronous onsets, beginning with low-frequency...

Effects of the Novel NMDA Receptor Antagonist Gacyclidine on Recovery From Medial Frontal Cortex Contusion Injury in Rats

Gacyclidine, a novel, noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, was injected (i.v.) into rats at three different doses to determine if the drug could promote behavioral recovery and reduce the behavioral and anatomical impairments that occur after bilateral contusions of the medial frontal cortex (MFC). In the Morris water maze,contused rats treated with gacyciidine at a dosage of...

Alleviation of Brain Injury-Induced Cerebral Metabolic Depression by Amphetamine: A Cytochrome Oxidase Histochemistry Study

Measurements of oxidative metabolic capacity following the ablation of rat sensorimotor cortex and ,he administration of amphetamine were examined to determine their effects on the metabolic dysfunction that follows brain injury. Twenty-four hours after surgery, rats sustaining either sham operations or unilateral cortical ablation were administered a single injection of D...

Characteristics of Glial Reaction in the Perinatal Rat Cortex: Effect of Lesion Size in the ‘Critical Period’

In this study we investigate the capability of lesions, performed between embryonic day E18 and postnatal day P6, to provoke glial reaction. Two different lesion types were applied: ‘severe’ lesion (tissue defect) and ’light’ lesion (stab wound). The glial reaction was detected with immunostain[ng against glial fibrillary acidic protein. When performed as early as P0, severe...

Vestibular Deprivation and the Development of Dendrite Bundles in the Rat

Motoneuronal pools of muscles that subserve postural tasks contain dendrite bundles. We investigated in the rat the development of these bundles in the pools of the long back muscles and related this to postural development. Motoneurons and their dendrites were retrogradely labeled by injecting unconjugated cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) into the muscles of 54 normal rats from...

Parental Deprivation Induces N-Methyl-D-Aspartate-Receptor Upregulation in Limbic Brain Areas of Octodon degus: Protective Role of the Maternal Call

An optimal coordination between parents and their offspring involves a sequence of reciprocal behaviors to ensure the adequate care of the young, which is critical for a healthy physical, emotional, and social development. Parental deprivation, particularly an impaired child-mother attachment, induces lasting changes in emotional as well as in cognitive capacities in later life...

CREB Phosphorylation Coincides with Transient Synapse Formation in the Rat Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Following Avoidance Learning

Spine density change in the hippocampal dentate gyrus accompanies memory consolidation and coincides with the increased expression of ribosome-rich, hyperchromatic granule cells. Although this suggests increased protein synthesis to be required for synaptic growth in the 5 to 7 h post-training period, little temporal mapping of the associated molecular mechanisms has been done...

Early Brain Damage and the Development of Motor Behavior in Children: Clues for Therapeutic Intervention?

The Neuronal Group Selection Theory (NGST) could offer new insights into the mechanisms directing motor disorders, such as cerebral palsy and developmental coordination disorder. According to NGST, normal motor development is characterized by two phases of variability. Variation is not at random but determined by criteria set by genetic information. Development starts with the...

Parkinson's Disease: Clinical Signs and Symptoms, Neural Mechanisms, Positron Emission Tomography, and Therapeutic Interventions

Parkinson's disease is one of the most frequent neurodegenerative brain diseases. Its time course is slow and is characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic and other brainstem neurons resulting in malfunctioning of the cerebral neuronal systems responsible for motor functions. The clinical signs are slowness of movement, muscle rigidity and rest-tremor amongst other...

Exercise and Training to Optimize Functional Motor Performance in Stroke: Driving Neural Reorganization?

Neurorehabilitation is increasingly taking account of scientific findings. Research areas directing stroke rehabilitation are neurophysiology; adaptability to use and activity; biomechanics; skill learning; and exercise science (task, context specificity). Understanding impairments and adaptations enables a reappraisal of interventions—for example,changes in motor control...

Magnetoencephalographic Signals Identify Stages in Real-Life Decision Processes

We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to study the dynamics of neural responses in eight subjects engaged in shopping for day-to-day items from supermarket shelves. This behavior not only has personal and economic importance but also provides an example of an experience that is both personal and shared between individuals. The shopping experience enables the exploration of neural...