Current Emergency and Hospital Medicine Reports

https://link.springer.com/journal/40138

List of Papers (Total 83)

The Role of Albumin in the Resuscitation of Hypotensive Patients

Albumin is a colloid used in fluid resuscitation, with intrinsic physiologic properties that make it ideal to use for certain hypotensive patients. Despite this, its indications for use in this context are the source of much debate. This review aims to provide an overview of the history of albumin, explain its rise and fall in popularity, and identify situations where use of...

Identifying and Managing Vector-Borne Diseases in Migrants and Recent Travelers in the Emergency Department

Recognition and treatment of neglected tropical and vector-borne diseases is paramount as travel and immigration resume after a brief lull during the COVID-19 pandemic. These patients often present initially to the emergency department, and increasing physician knowledge of symptoms and treatment can reduce morbidity and mortality. This paper aims to summarize typical...

Recent Advances in Imported Malaria Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management

Malaria is an important human parasitic disease affecting the population of tropical, subtropical regions as well as travelers to these areas. The purpose of this article is to provide clinicians practicing in non-endemic areas with a comprehensive overview of the recent data on microbiologic and pathophysiologic features of five Plasmodium parasites, clinical presentation of...

Current Updates in Rectal Infusion of Fluids and Medications

Rectal infusion is a feasible alternative for the immediate administration of medication and fluids when intravenous access is delayed, contraindicated, or unnecessary. Advances in medical device technology have made rectal infusion more practical and easier for medical care providers, and more comfortable for patients. This paper briefly reviews the history of therapeutic rectal...

Current Considerations in Emergency Airway Management

Emergency airway management is populated by many new concepts, evolving equipment, and contemporary strategies for optimal procedural success. This review aims to discuss various topics within these realms and to continue the ongoing conversation regarding improvement of emergency airway management. Various literature, opinion pieces, podcasts, and trials have prompted renewed...

Cardiac Changes Related to COVID-19 in Athletes: A Brief Review

To describe the cardiac changes related to COVID-19 in athletes, in addition to presenting the current recommendations for cardiac assessment and return to sport after COVID-19 infection. The current state of the art suggests that myocarditis and pericarditis are the main cardiac pathologies related to the COVID-19 infection in athletes even after recovery. The criteria for...

Pneumonia Update for Emergency Clinicians

Many new concepts in diagnosis, management, and risk stratification of patients with pneumonia have been described recently. The COVID pandemic made importance of viruses as dangerous pathogens of pneumonia quite clear while several non-invasive measures for patients with respiratory failure gained a more wide-spread usage. Studies continue to examine feasibility of bedside...

Regional Anesthesia in the Emergency Department: an Overview of Common Nerve Block Techniques and Recent Literature

This review seeks to discuss the use of RA in the ED including benefits of administration, types of RA by anatomic location, complications and management, teaching methods currently in practice, and future applications of RA in the ED. The early use of RA in pain management may reduce the transition of acute to chronic pain. Multiple plane blocks have emerged as feasible and...

Managing Severe Hypoxic Respiratory Failure in COVID-19

Adult respiratory distress syndrome is a life-threatening complication from severe COVID-19 infection resulting in severe hypoxic respiratory failure. Strategies at improving oxygenation have evolved over the course of the pandemic. Although non-invasive respiratory support reduces the need for intubation, a significant number of patients with COVID-19 progress to invasive...

Vaccine Hesitancy

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has caused over 800,000 deaths in the USA as of this writing. Remarkable, several effective vaccines have been developed within 1 year of the occurrence of the pandemic’s outbreak in the USA. Although the vaccine has proven to be remarkably effective in preventing hospitalization and death, the number of unvaccinated persons in the USA who are...

When Minutes Matter: Rapid Infusion in Emergency Care

This review provides historical context and an update on recent advancements in volume resuscitation for circulatory shock. Emergency department providers who manage critically ill patients with undifferentiated shock will benefit from the insights of early pioneers and an overview of newer techniques which can be used to optimize resuscitation in the first minutes of care. Rapid...

Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke Detection in the Prehospital Environment

Endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke secondary to large vessel occlusion (LVO) is time-dependent. Prehospital patients with suspected LVO stroke should be triaged directly to specialized stroke centers for endovascular therapy. This review describes advances in LVO detection among prehospital suspected stroke patients. Clinical prehospital stroke severity tools have...

Post-operative Anemia After Major Surgery: a Brief Review

Anemia is a very common complication in the post-operative period. Post-operative anemia is associated with poor outcomes including but not limited to infections, increased length of stay, circulatory overload, and mortality. The strategy of patient blood management focuses on three pillars that include the detection and treatment of pre-operative anemia; reduction of peri...

Correction to: The Use of Handheld Ultrasound Devices in Emergency Medicine

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.1007/s40138-021-00233-w

The Use of Handheld Ultrasound Devices in Emergency Medicine

Ultraportable handheld ultrasound (HHU) devices are being rapidly adopted by emergency medicine (EM) physicians. Though knowledge of the breadth of their utility and functionality is still limited compared to cart-based systems, these machines are becoming more common due to ease-of-use, extreme affordability, and improving technology. Images obtained with HHU are comparable to...

Utilizing Alternative Testing Technology for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in the COVID era

With the onset of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, in-person human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing is no longer easily accessible. Therefore, alternative testing technologies must be considered and implemented on a large scale to continue prevention efforts. This review seeks to describe the benefits of utilizing at-home HIV testing technologies...

Succinct Approach to Delirium in the Emergency Department

This study aims to provide a concise delirium review for practicing emergency medicine providers using the Assess, Diagnose, Evaluate, Prevent, and Treat (ADEPT) framework. Delirium is a form of acute brain dysfunction that results in significant mortality and morbidity for older emergency department (ED) patients. Delirium is frequently missed by healthcare providers, but...

Recent Developments in Infectious Disease Chemotherapy: Review for Emergency Department Practitioners 2020

We discuss and review new antimicrobials for treatment of bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections with indications, contraindications, and side effects for each. We will also review new information and indications on older agents that are relevant to clinical practice. Many of them may be unfamiliar to Emergency Physicians given their newness and at times hospital...

Vaping Cardiovascular Health Risks: an Updated Umbrella Review

Modified risk products (MRP) such as electronic vaping cigarettes (EVC) and heat-not-burn cigarettes (HNBC) are alternatives to traditional combustion cigarettes (TCC) with an expanding consumer base. Yet, their cardiovascular health risks are still unclear. We aimed to summarize the evidence base on this topic by conducting an updated umbrella review. We identified 7 systematic...

Kratom from Head to Toe—Case Reviews of Adverse Events and Toxicities

Purpose of ReviewThis review describes case reports for patients with kratom-associated adverse events in order to assist clinicians with patient management. A stepwise approach is proposed for assessing active kratom users as well as considerations for the management of toxicities or withdrawal.Recent FindingsMultiple in vitro and in vivo studies illustrate the pharmacologic and...

Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome

Purpose of ReviewThis review describes the clinical presentation and treatment for cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS). Typical treatment for nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain may not be effective in patients with CHS. Alternative treatments have been suggested.Recent FindingsThe pathophysiology of CHS may be due to dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system. Two...

Best Practices for Medication Utilization Evaluations in Postsurgical Pain Management

Purpose The purpose of this review is to provide guidance that aids in the practical design, implementation, and analysis of medication use evaluations (MUEs) for postsurgical pain management. Summary Clinicians have long employed drug use evaluations or drug utilization reviews to ensure the safe and appropriate use of medications in a hospital, medical practice, or other...

A Guide to Pain Assessment and Management in the Neonate

Newborn infants experience acute pain with various medical procedures. Evidence demonstrates that controlling pain in the newborn period is beneficial, improving physiologic, behavioral, and hormonal outcomes. Multiple validated scoring systems exist to assess pain in a neonate; however, there is no standardized or universal approach for pain management. Healthcare facilities...