The bacterial profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern among patients with suspected bloodstream infections, Gondar, north-west Ethiopia

Pathology and Laboratory Medicine International, Apr 2018

The bacterial profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern among patients with suspected bloodstream infections, Gondar, north-west Ethiopia Abtie Abebaw,1 Hiwot Tesera,2 Teshome Belachew,3 Gebreselassie Demeke Mihiretie1 1Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia; 2Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Science, Gondar, Ethiopia; 3Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Bahirdar University College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia Background: The bacteria most likely to cause bacteremia include Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Haemophilus, and Neisseria genera. Bloodstream infections remain one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Drug-resistant pathogens are becoming the most challenging problem and they have different economic and social impacts around the world. Objective: To study the bacterial profile and antibiotic susceptibility among bacteremia-suspected patients in the University of Gondar Teaching Hospital from September 2003 to February 2013. Materials and method: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from March to May 2013 at the University of Gondar. Data were collected and extracted manually from the microbiology registration books of the hospital laboratory using checklists and were checked for its completeness and consistency. Result: Among a total of 856 blood samples analyzed, 169 (19.7%) cases were bacteremia confirmed. From the confirmed cases, 98 (58%) were male and 71 (42%) female. Culture positivity rate was highest (44%) in the age group of ≤28 days followed by the age group of 29 days–5 years. Conclusion: In our study, coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most common causative agent for bacteremia among the Gram-positive isolates. The overall antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the Gram-positive isolates was an intermediate level of resistance (60%–80%), but Gram-negative bacteria showed a high level of resistance (>80%) against ampicillin and amoxicillin. Keywords: bacteremia, drug susceptibility, sepsis, resistant

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The bacterial profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern among patients with suspected bloodstream infections, Gondar, north-west Ethiopia

Pathology and Laboratory Medicine International The bacterial profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern among patients with suspected bloodstream infections, Gondar, north-west Ethiopia Hiwot Tesera 0 2 3 5 Teshome Belachew 0 1 3 5 Gebreselassie Demeke 0 3 5 Mihiretie 0 3 4 5 0 Pathology and Laboratory Medicine International 2018:10 1-7 1 php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution - Non Commercial (unported , v3.0) License ( 1 Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Bahirdar University College of Medicine and Health Science , Bahir Dar , Ethiopia 2 Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Science , Gondar , Ethiopia 3 coccus , Enterococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Haemophilus 4 Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Debre Markos University , Debre Markos , Ethiopia 5 Pathology and Laboratory Medicine International 2018:10 8 1 0 2 - l u J - 2 1 n o 7 1 1 . 2 2 . 8 3 . 4 5 y b / m o c . s s e r p e v o d . w PowerdbyTCPDF(ww.tcpdf.org) Background: The bacteria most likely to cause bacteremia include Staphylococcus, StreptoNeisseria genera. Bloodstream infections remain one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Drug-resistant pathogens are becoming the most challenging problem and they have different economic and social impacts around the world. Objective: To study the bacterial profile and antibiotic susceptibility among bacteremiasuspected patients in the University of Gondar Teaching Hospital from September 2003 to Materials and method: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from March microbiology registration books of the hospital laboratory using checklists and were checked for its completeness and consistency. Result: Among a total of 856 blood samples analyzed, 169 (19.7%) cases were bacteremia confirmed. From the confirmed cases, 98 (58%) were male and 71 (42%) female. Culture positivity rate was highest (44%) in the age group of ≤28 days followed by the age group of 29 days-5 years. Conclusion: In our study, coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most common causative agent for bacteremia among the Gram-positive isolates. The overall antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the Gram-positive isolates was an intermediate level of resistance (60%-80%), but Gram-negative bacteria showed a high level of resistance (>80%) against ampicillin and amoxicillin. bacteremia; drug susceptibility; sepsis; resistant - lnoadedw rrsopeoF open access to scientific and medical research Introduction Bacteremia is the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream and occurs when bacteria enter the bloodstream. Blood by its nature is sterile. So the presence of any bacteria in circulating blood is a threat to every organ in the body.1 Most episodes of occult bacteremia spontaneously resolve and serious sequelae are increasingly uncommon. However, sometimes bacteremia can have adverse consequences including multiple organ failures, septic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and death. Generally, the factors that contribute to the initiation of bloodstream infection are immune suppressive agents, widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics that suppress the normal flora and allow the emergence of resistant strains, invasive procedures and prolonged survival-debilitated and seriously ill patients. 1–3 Bacteremia is related to the presence of viable bacteria in the blood confirmed by cultures in which contamination has been effectively ruled out.4,5 This may or may not have any clinical significance because harmless, transient bacteremia may occur following dental work or other minor medical 018 procedures; however, it is generally clinically benign and l-u2 self-resolving in people who do not have an underlying ill-J12 ness or immune deficiency or a turbulent cardiac blood flow. no Several types of bacteria live in different parts of the .117 human body as normal flora. But when bacterial niches are .282 disturbed by different factors and the immunity of individuals .453 are compromised by different factors they may enter into the /yb blood from the skin or urinary tract causing fatal disease.6 com Bacteremia may also be related to a failure of the immune .sse system that is not able to control bacterial dissemination from rep the surgical wound, gastrointestinal tract, or urinary tract.1,3,6,7 .vod The most common bacteria that cause bacteremia include //www l.y members of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, tt:shp seon Escherichia, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Hae u mophilus, and Neisseria genera.1,8,9 Timely and appropriate from lan use of antibiotics is the appropriate way to treat bacteremia.10 lnoadedw rrsopeoF resistant strains of bacteria (eg, methicillin-resistant Staphy Despite such precautions, the development of antibioticlococcus aureus or MRSA) has led to an increase in the incide (...truncated)


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Abtie Abebaw, Hiwot Tesera, Teshome Belachew, Gebreselassie Demeke Mihiretie. The bacterial profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern among patients with suspected bloodstream infections, Gondar, north-west Ethiopia, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine International, 2018, pp. 1-7, DOI: 10.2147/PLMI.S153444