Preparation of chitin-amphipathic anion/quaternary ammonium salt ecofriendly dressing and its effect on wound healing in mice

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Jul 2018

Preparation of chitin-amphipathic anion/quaternary ammonium salt ecofriendly dressing and its effect on wound healing in mice Daijun Zhou,1–3 Ruijia Yang,4 Tao Yang,1–3 Malcolm Xing,1–4 Gaoxing Luo1–3 1Institute of Burn Research, 2State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, 3Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; 4Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Objective: This study aimed to prepare an eco-friendly dressing using a chitin-derived membrane with amphipathic anion/quaternary ammonium salt designed for antibacterial purposes.Methods: Four dressings were prepared and group A was chitin, group B was chitin + amphiphilic ion, group C was chitin + quaternary ammonium salt, group D was chitin + amphiphilic ion + quaternary ammonium salt. Results: In the group D material, precipitation of adherent composite ions was observed. The contact angle test showed that the material was hydrophilic. The drug loading rate in groups B, C, and D was 40–50 (ug:mg), the entrapment efficiency was 70%–75% (P>0.05), and the cumulative release percentages were 87.3%, 88.7%, and 90.2% after 72h for group B, C, and D, respectively. The anti-bacterial activity in vitro was in the order D>C>B>A> control (P>0.05). The anti-pollution activity in vitro was in the order D>B>C>A (P<0.05). The cell proliferation inhibition test showed slight proliferation inhibition (P<0.05) only on the seventh day for group D. Seven days after injury, the wound healing rate was in the order D>C> commercial chitin dressing >B>A> control (P<0.05), and the length of the neonatal epithelium also showed the same trend. Additionally, PCNA and CD31 expression indicated that cell proliferation and angiogenesis were enhanced when skin defects were covered with the D group material (P<0.05).Conclusion: chitin-amphiphilic ion/quaternary ammonium salt dressing was successfully prepared. The antibacterial and antipollution effects of the prepared material (group D) were both very good, acting to promote wound healing. Keywords: chitin, amphipathic anion, quaternary ammonium salt, wound healing, anti-infective dressing

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Preparation of chitin-amphipathic anion/quaternary ammonium salt ecofriendly dressing and its effect on wound healing in mice

International Journal of Nanomedicine Preparation of chitin-amphipathic anion/ quaternary ammonium salt ecofriendly dressing and its effect on wound healing in mice Daijun Zhou 2 ruijia Yang 3 Tao Yang 2 Malcolm Xing 2 gaoxing luo 2 0 Key l aboratory of Proteomics of chongqing, southwest hospital, army Medical University (Third Military Medical University) , chongqing, china 1 s tate Key laboratory of Trauma , Burn and combined Injury 2 Institute of Burn research 3 Department of Mechanical engineering, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB, canada 8 1 0 2 - l u J - 7 1 n o 7 0 2 . 6 4 . 9 5 . 7 3 y b / m o c . s s e r p e v .dow l.yn w o /w e / s : ttsp lau h no om rse fr p ded roF a o l n w o d e n ii c d e m o n a N f o l a n r u o J l a n o it a n tr e n I Objective: This study aimed to prepare an eco-friendly dressing using a chitin-derived membrane with amphipathic anion/quaternary ammonium salt designed for antibacterial purposes. Methods: Four dressings were prepared and group A was chitin, group B was chitin + amphiphilic ion, group C was chitin + quaternary ammonium salt, group D was chitin + amphiphilic ion + quaternary ammonium salt. Results: In the group D material, precipitation of adherent composite ions was observed. The contact angle test showed that the material was hydrophilic. The drug loading rate in groups B, C, and D was 40-50 (ug:mg), the entrapment efficiency was 70%-75% (P.0.05), and the cumulative release percentages were 87.3%, 88.7%, and 90.2% after 72h for group B, C, and D, respectively. The anti-bacterial activity in vitro was in the order D.C.B.A. control (P.0.05). The anti-pollution activity in vitro was in the order D.B.C.A (P,0.05). The cell proliferation inhibition test showed slight proliferation inhibition (P,0.05) only on the seventh day for group D. Seven days after injury, the wound healing rate was in the order D.C. commercial chitin dressing .B.A. control (P,0.05), and the length of the neonatal epithelium also showed the same trend. Additionally, PCNA and CD31 expression indicated that cell proliferation and angiogenesis were enhanced when skin defects were covered with the D group material (P,0.05). Conclusion: chitin-amphiphilic ion/quaternary ammonium salt dressing was successfully prepared. The antibacterial and antipollution effects of the prepared material (group D) were both very good, acting to promote wound healing. - and surface morphology. The novel chitin/chitosan-glucan complex(ChCsGC) nonwovens exhibited excellent surgical wound healing ability when tested using rat models.5 Also, uniformly sized silver/chitosan-O-methoxy polyethylene glycol core shell nanoparticles with different degrees of substitution were synthesized. Experimental results revealed that the pre18 pared silver core particles had the size of 1,802±2,202 nm. Core l-02 shell structure with chitosan-O-methoxy polyethylene glycol -J7u coating had the size of 4,002±2,202 nm.6 However, there are on1 regular ring structures and strong hydrogen bonds among chitin 270 molecules, resulting in high crystallinity and poor solubility in ..64 water, dilute alkali, dilute acid, and general organic solvents, .957 which greatly limit more widespread application. To overcome y3b these shortcomings, chitin can be prepared as quaternized /om ammonium salt, allowing chemical modification.7,8 .ssc Chitin quaternary ammonium salt offers improved solurveep tboixliitcyitaynadndbieoacsoymanpdatiinbeixliptyeninsivaeddpirteipoanratotiothn.eAqsuaalciotimesmoofnnlyo .doww l.yno used bactericide, the polymerization of quaternary ammonium / s salt and chitosan derived from chitin has been well studied.9,10 /w e : ttsph launo A series of water-soluble chitosan derivatives with hydrofrom rsep philic quaternary ammonium salt groups not only maintained ded roF the properties of chitosan, such as antibacterial film formaloa tion, flocculation, and biodegradability, but also exhibited onw better water solubility, stronger positive charge, and wider iined pH value than chitosan.9,11 Amphiphilic ions are hydrophilic c d e m o n a N f o l a n r u o J l a n o it a n tr e n I and lipophilic, with good antipollution effect, and have been initially applied in the field of wound dressings.12,13 Therefore, the study of chitin and quaternary ammonium salts/amphiphilic ions have become a hot field of research because of not only the wide range of potential applications and environmental protection of natural chitin sources but also the antibacterial effects of quaternary ammonium salts and the antipollution effects of amphiphilic ions. Here, we prepared a chitin-amphipathic anion/quaternary ammonium salt ecofriendly dressing and studied its antibacterial activity in vitro and effects on wound healing in mice. These results provide reference for a further study of natural dressings. Materials and methods ethical statement BALB/c mice (male, weighing approximately 25 g) were purchased from the Experimental Animal Department (...truncated)


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Daijun Zhou, Ruijia Yang, Tao Yang, Malcolm Xing, Gaoxing Luo. Preparation of chitin-amphipathic anion/quaternary ammonium salt ecofriendly dressing and its effect on wound healing in mice, International Journal of Nanomedicine, 2018, pp. 4157-4169, DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S165005