Triterpenoids and Polysaccharide Fractions of Ganoderma tsugae Exert Different Effects on Antiallergic Activities

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Apr 2015

This study was to investigate antiallergic effects of triterpenoids (Gt-TRE) and polysaccharide (Gt-PS) extracts from Ganoderma tsugae, using mast cell line RBL-2H3, T cell line EL4, primary T cells, and transfected RAW264.7 macrophage cells. The results showed that histamine secreted from activated RBL-2H3 mast cells was significantly suppressed by Gt-TRE but not Gt-PS. Interleukin- (IL-) 4 secreted from activated EL4 cells was significantly suppressed by Gt-TRE but not Gt-PS. Further primary CD4

A PDF file should load here. If you do not see its contents the file may be temporarily unavailable at the journal website or you do not have a PDF plug-in installed and enabled in your browser.

Alternatively, you can download the file locally and open with any standalone PDF reader:

http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2015/754836.pdf

Triterpenoids and Polysaccharide Fractions of Ganoderma tsugae Exert Different Effects on Antiallergic Activities

Triterpenoids and Polysaccharide Fractions of Ganoderma tsugae Exert Different Effects on Antiallergic Activities Miaw-Ling Chen,1 Chia-Chien Hsieh,2 Bor-Luen Chiang,3 and Bi-Fong Lin4 1Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, No. 1 Changda Road, Gueiren District, Tainan 71101, Taiwan 2Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Education, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 162 Hepting East Road, Section 1, Taipei 10610, Taiwan 3Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7 Chung San South Road, Taipei 10002, Taiwan 4Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan Received 14 August 2014; Accepted 18 October 2014 Academic Editor: Jin-Yuarn Lin Copyright © 2015 Miaw-Ling Chen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract This study was to investigate antiallergic effects of triterpenoids (Gt-TRE) and polysaccharide (Gt-PS) extracts from Ganoderma tsugae, using mast cell line RBL-2H3, T cell line EL4, primary T cells, and transfected RAW264.7 macrophage cells. The results showed that histamine secreted from activated RBL-2H3 mast cells was significantly suppressed by Gt-TRE but not Gt-PS. Interleukin- (IL-) 4 secreted from activated EL4 cells was significantly suppressed by Gt-TRE but not Gt-PS. Further primary CD4+ T cells cultures also confirmed that Gt-TRE ( µg/mL) significantly suppressed Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 secretions but had no effect on Th1 cytokines IL-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ. Gt-PS did not affect IL-4 and IL-5 secretions until higher doses (400, 500 µg/mL) and significantly suppressed IFNγ secretions but enhanced IL-2 at these high doses. The reporter gene assay indicated that Gt-TRE inhibited but Gt-PS enhanced the transcriptional activity of NF-κB in activated transfected RAW264.7 cells and transfected EL4 cells. IL-4 secreted by this transfected EL-4 cells was also significantly decreased by Gt-TRE but not by Gt-PS, suggesting that these two fractions may exert different effects on NF-κB related cytokines expression. These data suggested that triterpenoids fraction of Ganoderma tsugae might be the main constituents to alleviate allergic asthma. 1. Introduction The worldwide increase in prevalence of allergic diseases such as asthma [1, 2] poses a significant health problem and a demand for drug/diet therapy. Allergic asthma is characterized by histamine secretion by mast cell, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and airway inflammation by accumulation of eosinophils, lymphocytes and mast cells, and higher serum IgE levels [3]. The allergic immune responses in asthma arise from an imbalance of helper T (Th) cells. Th1 cells and their cytokines IL-2 and IFNγ enhance Th1 generation and inhibit Th2 function, whereas Th2 cells and their cytokines inhibit Th1 generation and rise allergic responses. IL-4 secreted by Th2 cells stimulates B cells class switch to produce allergic immunoglobulin (Ig) E and promote neutrophil- and eosinophil-infiltrated inflammation. These cells were also activated by another Th2 cytokine IL-5. Therefore, downregulating Th2 cell differentiation by cytokine administration is frequently used as a therapy for allergic diseases [4]. Several studies indicated dietary factors, such as frying oil, adlay, and andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata suppressed Th2 immune responses in the Th2-skewed ovalbumin- (OVA-) sensitized BALB/c mice [5–7], and polysaccharide from fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum has been shown to mediate cytokines production [8]. Therefore, the immunomodulatory effects of G. tsugae rose our interest. The polypore genus Ganoderma had been widely used for Chinese medicine in Asian countries for a long time. It has been known for many biological activities of Ganoderma, such as antitumor, immunoregulation, hepatoprotection, anticholesterol synthesis and anti-inflammation [9–14]. Although the major active ingredients are polysaccharides, triterpenoids and proteins, polysaccharides are most studied [15]. The polysaccharides with immunity enhancement effects have been isolated from the water extract of G. lucidum mycelia and fruiting bodies [16]. It has been demonstrated that polysaccharide extracts of G. lucidum exert immunomodulating activities by inducing cytokine expression via TLR4 signaling pathways, activation of dendritic cells, and innate immunity by NF-κB pathways [17–19]. The different ingredients may exert diverse bioactive functions [20]. Although recent review articles also summarized the health benefits of Ganoderma, especially triterpenoids [21], the immunomodulatory effects of triterpenoids still need to b (...truncated)


This is a preview of a remote PDF: http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2015/754836.pdf

Miaw-Ling Chen, Chia-Chien Hsieh, Bor-Luen Chiang, Bi-Fong Lin. Triterpenoids and Polysaccharide Fractions of Ganoderma tsugae Exert Different Effects on Antiallergic Activities, Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015, 2015, DOI: 10.1155/2015/754836