Study on the Depth, Rate, Shape, and Strength of Pulse with Cardiovascular Simulator

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Jan 2017

Pulse diagnosis is important in oriental medicine. The purpose of this study is explaining the mechanisms of pulse with a cardiovascular simulator. The simulator is comprised of the pulse generating part, the vessel part, and the measurement part. The pulse generating part was composed of motor, slider-crank mechanism, and piston pump. The vessel part, which was composed with the aorta and a radial artery, was fabricated with silicon to implement pulse wave propagation. The pulse parameters, such as the depth, rate, shape, and strength, were simulated. With changing the mean pressure, the floating pulse and the sunken pulse were generated. The change of heart rate generated the slow pulse and the rapid pulse. The control of the superposition time of the reflected wave generated the string-like pulse and the slippery pulse. With changing the pulse pressure, the vacuous pulse and the replete pulse were generated. The generated pulses showed good agreements with the typical pulses.

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Study on the Depth, Rate, Shape, and Strength of Pulse with Cardiovascular Simulator

Study on the Depth, Rate, Shape, and Strength of Pulse with Cardiovascular Simulator Ju-Yeon Lee,1 Min Jang,2 and Sang-Hoon Shin3 1Department of Cardiovascular Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany 2Department of Eastern-Western Biomedical Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju, Gangwon, Republic of Korea 3Department of Oriental Biomedical Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju, Gangwon, Republic of Korea Correspondence should be addressed to Sang-Hoon Shin; rk.ca.ijgnas@nihshs Received 11 July 2016; Revised 3 December 2016; Accepted 21 December 2016; Published 29 January 2017 Academic Editor: I-Min Liu Copyright © 2017 Ju-Yeon Lee et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Pulse diagnosis is important in oriental medicine. The purpose of this study is explaining the mechanisms of pulse with a cardiovascular simulator. The simulator is comprised of the pulse generating part, the vessel part, and the measurement part. The pulse generating part was composed of motor, slider-crank mechanism, and piston pump. The vessel part, which was composed with the aorta and a radial artery, was fabricated with silicon to implement pulse wave propagation. The pulse parameters, such as the depth, rate, shape, and strength, were simulated. With changing the mean pressure, the floating pulse and the sunken pulse were generated. The change of heart rate generated the slow pulse and the rapid pulse. The control of the superposition time of the reflected wave generated the string-like pulse and the slippery pulse. With changing the pulse pressure, the vacuous pulse and the replete pulse were generated. The generated pulses showed good agreements with the typical pulses. 1. Introduction Pulse diagnosis is one of the most important diagnostic methods in oriental medicine. Previous studies on the modernization of pulse diagnosis can be divided into two groups, namely, the objectification of pulse measurements and the explanation of the pulse mechanism with science. This study focused on the explaining of the pulse parameters such as depth, rate, shape, and strength that are clinically relevant [1] to hemodynamics. The depth of pulse is the depth of maximum pulse feeling with fingers. Fei [2] suggested the P-H (applied pressure-pulse amplitude) curve based on the clinical measurements by a pulse-taking device. According to the P-H curve, a floating pulse has maximum pulse amplitude at low applied pressure. In contrast, a sunken pulse has maximum pulse amplitude at high applied pressure. Various algorithms were suggested to distinguish between the floating pulse and the sunken pulse by measuring the changes of pulse amplitude based on the applied pressure or depth [3–5]. Fei [2] suggested the mechanism of the floating pulse and the sunken pulse with the blood pressure. The amplitude of pulse reached a maximum when the intravascular pressure and externally applied pressure were equal, and the P-H curve moved to the right as the inner pressure of the blood pressure increased. The pulse rate is the heart rate. The pulse shape is related to the width, the length, and the waveform of the pulse. Jang suggested that the large pulse and fine pulse were related to the blood flow [2]. Study on the length is rare. Shin et al. [6] indicated that the string-like pulse and the slippery pulse were related to the stiffness of blood vessel. Murgo et al. suggested that the pulse shape was determined by the superposition of the forward pulse wave and the reflected wave [7]. The pulse strength is the resistance of a blood vessel on a finger. In order to explain the vacuous pulse and the replete pulse, Fei suggested concepts like “pulse force” representing the magnitude of H in P-H curve and “pulse power” representing the area of P-H curve [7]. The concepts of pulse force [8, 9] and pulse power [10, 11] were tested with the clinical trials to distinguish between the vacuous pulse and the replete pulse, and the prediction accuracy by pulse force was higher. The dominant methods for previous studies were clinical trials that compared the results of pulse-taking device with those of doctors. This largely contributed to the quantification of pulse types. However, there are many limitations in explaining the mechanism of pulse, because it is impossible to independently control the influence factors for pulse. There were a few studies that examined the pulse mechanism by simulation [12, 13]. The aging effect on the radial pulse wave was simulated with hemodynamic analysis [12]. The mechanisms of pulse depth were simulated with elastic string model in which the skin was modeled with the elastic string, the palpation pressure with tension in the string, and the blood pressure with exter (...truncated)


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Ju-Yeon Lee, Min Jang, Sang-Hoon Shin. Study on the Depth, Rate, Shape, and Strength of Pulse with Cardiovascular Simulator, Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2017, 2017, DOI: 10.1155/2017/2867191