Antiaging of Cucurbitane Glycosides from Fruits of Momordica charantia L.

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Mar 2018

Methanol extracts of Momordica charantia L. fruits are extensively studied for their antiaging activities. A new cucurbitane-type triterpenoid (1) and nine other known compounds (2–10) were isolated, and their structures were determined according to their spectroscopic characteristics and chemical derivatization. Biological evaluation was performed on a K6001 yeast bioassay system. The results indicated that all the compounds extended the replicative lifespan of K6001 yeast significantly. Compound 9 was used to investigate the mechanism involved in the increasing of the lifespan. The results indicated that this compound significantly increases the survival rate of yeast under oxidative stress and decreases ROS level. Further study on gene expression analysis showed that compound 9 could reduce the levels of UTH1 and SKN7 and increase SOD1 and SOD2 gene expression. In addition, it could not extend the lifespan of the yeast mutants of Uth1, Skn7, Sod1, and Sod2. These results demonstrate that compound 9 exerts antiaging effects via antioxidative stress and regulation of UTH1, SKN7, SOD1, and SOD2 yeast gene expression.

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Antiaging of Cucurbitane Glycosides from Fruits of Momordica charantia L.

Antiaging of Cucurbitane Glycosides from Fruits of Momordica charantia L. Xueli Cao, Yujuan Sun, Yanfei Lin, Yanjun Pan, Umer Farooq, Lan Xiang, and Jianhua Qi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yu Hang Tang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China Correspondence should be addressed to Lan Xiang; nc.ude.ujz@gnaixl and Jianhua Qi; nc.ude.ujz@auhnaijiq Received 10 September 2017; Revised 21 December 2017; Accepted 11 January 2018; Published 25 March 2018 Academic Editor: Carolina G. Llorente Copyright © 2018 Xueli Cao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Methanol extracts of Momordica charantia L. fruits are extensively studied for their antiaging activities. A new cucurbitane-type triterpenoid (1) and nine other known compounds (2–10) were isolated, and their structures were determined according to their spectroscopic characteristics and chemical derivatization. Biological evaluation was performed on a K6001 yeast bioassay system. The results indicated that all the compounds extended the replicative lifespan of K6001 yeast significantly. Compound 9 was used to investigate the mechanism involved in the increasing of the lifespan. The results indicated that this compound significantly increases the survival rate of yeast under oxidative stress and decreases ROS level. Further study on gene expression analysis showed that compound 9 could reduce the levels of UTH1 and SKN7 and increase SOD1 and SOD2 gene expression. In addition, it could not extend the lifespan of the yeast mutants of Uth1, Skn7, Sod1, and Sod2. These results demonstrate that compound 9 exerts antiaging effects via antioxidative stress and regulation of UTH1, SKN7, SOD1, and SOD2 yeast gene expression. 1. Introduction Fruits of Momordica charantia L. are edible healthy vegetable in Asia and commonly known as bitter melon or bitter gourd because of their bitter taste. Given their nutritional potential, they are used as traditional Chinese herbal medicine to treat several ailments, such as diabetes, constipation, abdominal pain, kidney stones, piles, pneumonia, and improve appetite [1–5]. M. charantia contains biologically active phytochemicals, such as polysaccharides, proteins, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, steroids, alkaloids, essential oils, and triterpenes [5–10]. Many of these phytochemicals exhibit antitumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulation, and antidiabetic activities and the ability to reduce oxidative stress [5]. Aging is a dominating risk factor for age-related diseases, including cancer, metabolic disease, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative illnesses [11]. As the aging population is increasing dramatically throughout the world, aging has drawn great attention because of huge expenses for medical care and serious consequences of the related diseases. Interventions that delay aging were found to have a greater effect on the quality of life compared with disease-specific approaches [12]. In our previous studies [13–17], a yeast mutant K6001 was employed in the bioassay system, and ganodermasides A–D, phloridzin, nolinospiroside F, and parishin with significant antiaging potential from natural sources were obtained. Basing on the K6001 bioassay system, we isolated one novel cucurbitane glycoside (1) and nine known cucurbitane-type triterpenoids (2–10) from the fruits of M. charantia L. (Figure 1). Essential studies on the action mechanism suggested that these cucurbitane glycosides could improve the antioxidative properties of yeasts. The yeast genes of youth 1 (UTH1), skinhead-7 (SKN7), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) may also be involved in the action. Figure 1: Chemical structures of compounds 1–10. 2. Material and Methods2.1. General The chemical reagents used were of HPLC grade and purchased from TEDIA (Rhode Island, USA). The others were of analytical grade and obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The preparative HPLC system was equipped with two ELITE P-230 pumps and an UV detector. Optical rotations were determined on a JASCO P-1030 digital polarimeter. High-resolution ESI-TOF-MS analyses were performed on an Agilent Technologies 6224A Accurate-Mass TOF LC/MS system (Santa Clara, CA, USA). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were recorded on a Bruker AV III-500 spectrometer (Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA). Column chromatography was performed over the silica gel (200–300 mesh, Yantai Chemical Industry Research Institute, Yantai, China) or reversed phase C18 (Octadecylsilyl, ODS) silica gel (Cosmosil 75C18-OPN, Nacalai Tesque, Japan). 2.2. Plant Material and Yeast Strains Fruits of M. charantia were purchased from Liangzhu market of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, 2011. The identity of this plant was confirmed by an associate professor Liurong Chen, and a vou (...truncated)


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Xueli Cao, Yujuan Sun, Yanfei Lin, Yanjun Pan, Umer Farooq, Lan Xiang, Jianhua Qi. Antiaging of Cucurbitane Glycosides from Fruits of Momordica charantia L., Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2018, 2018, DOI: 10.1155/2018/1538632