Dietary factors associated with preeclampsia or eclampsia among women in delivery care services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a case control study

BMC Research Notes, Oct 2018

Objective Preeclampsia or eclampsia, which is one of the direct obstetric complication, results in maternal and child morbidity and mortality. The factors associated with it remains unclear. So, the aim of the study was to assess the dietary factors associated with preeclampsia or eclampsia among women in delivery care services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Results Factors which were investigated as protective for preeclampsia or eclampsia were: Fruit intake during pregnancy (AOR: 0.94, 95% CI 0.20, 4.32), vegetable intake during pregnancy (AOR: 0.95, 95% CI 0.01, 0.71) and receiving nutritional counseling during antenatal care (AOR: 0.17, 95% CI 0.05, 0.6). In the other side being nulliparous women was a risk factor for preeclampsia or eclampsia (AOR: 2.02, 95% CI 1.15, 3.55).

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Dietary factors associated with preeclampsia or eclampsia among women in delivery care services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a case control study

BMC Research Notes December 2018, 11:683 | Cite as Dietary factors associated with preeclampsia or eclampsia among women in delivery care services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a case control study AuthorsAuthors and affiliations Teklit GrumSolomon HintsaGebremedhin Hagos Open Access Research note First Online: 01 October 2018 239 Downloads Abstract Objective Preeclampsia or eclampsia, which is one of the direct obstetric complication, results in maternal and child morbidity and mortality. The factors associated with it remains unclear. So, the aim of the study was to assess the dietary factors associated with preeclampsia or eclampsia among women in delivery care services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Results Factors which were investigated as protective for preeclampsia or eclampsia were: Fruit intake during pregnancy (AOR: 0.94, 95% CI 0.20, 4.32), vegetable intake during pregnancy (AOR: 0.95, 95% CI 0.01, 0.71) and receiving nutritional counseling during antenatal care (AOR: 0.17, 95% CI 0.05, 0.6). In the other side being nulliparous women was a risk factor for preeclampsia or eclampsia (AOR: 2.02, 95% CI 1.15, 3.55). KeywordsDietary factors Preeclampsia or eclampsia Women Ethiopia  Introduction Preeclampsia is a syndrome characterized by hypertensive disorder and protein in the urine which usually occurs after 20 weeks of gestational age whereas eclampsia is the severest form of preeclampsia [1]. Its’ causes remains unclear and was responsible for many maternal and infants morbidity and mortality which accounts 5–10% worldwide [2]. Even though the magnitude of preeclampsia and eclampsia varies among countries, the burden is higher in developing than in developed countries [3]. In Ethiopia, preeclampsia and eclampsia is one of the major obstetric complications and was the most requirement for referral before onset of labour which accounts 83% [4]. It is obvious that pregnant women needs a healthy nutrition not only for the health of pregnant women but also for the child health [1]. Studies indicated that dietary habits are associated with preeclampsia and eclampsia [5, 6, 7, 8, 9]. Since, there are limited and inconsistence among the studies finding, this study will have its own contribution on assessment of factors associated with preeclampsia/eclampsia. Main text Study design Facility based unmatched case control study was conducted. Study period and area The study was conducted from December, 2015 G.C. to February, 2016 G.C. in two public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Addis Ababa, where African Union is located, hosts an estimated 3.238 million people [10]. According to the city administration health bureau, the health coverage was 100%. Under the city administration there are 6 public hospitals and the study was conducted in 2 hospitals namely Zewditu Memorial Hospital and Ghandi Memorial Hospital. Inclusion criteria Pregnant women with blood pressure of > 140/90 and presence of protein in urine was inclusion criteria for cases [1] and pregnant women who were not diagnosed for preeclampsia and eclampsia were controls. The inclusion criteria of gestational age for both groups were after 28 weeks. Exclusion criteria Pregnant women with known hypertension and renal disease were excluded from the study. Sample size determination Double population proportion formula was used to estimate the sample size using Epi-info 7 by considering the lowest adjusted odds ratio (2.34) and the proportion of exposed group in controls was (36.2%) from the Bahir Dar city study [6] which revealed unable to read and write was a risk factor for preeclampsia/eclampsia. During the sample size determination assumptions: 95% level of confidence, 5% marginal error and 80% power was considered. So, it was calculated to be 221 and after adding 10% for possible non-responses, the final sample size was estimated as 243 (81 cases and 162 controls). Sampling and data collection procedure We select two public hospitals with largest delivery care load from the six hospitals under the city administration (Zewditu Memorial Hospital and Ghandi Memorial Hospital). Regarding to selection of the study subjects, all cases that diagnosed consecutively were included in the study. Once the case is diagnosed, two controls were selected immediately by simple random sampling technique and using delivery register as frame list. Structured and pretested questionnaire was used to collect data by face to face interview. The questionnaire was initially prepared in English and translated to official language (Amharic). Four diploma holder midwifery were hired as data collectors and were supervised by two bachelor of sciences in midwifery. We use a quarter delivery report prior to study during allocation of proportional to size between the two hospitals. So, the Ghandi Memorial Hospital and Zewditu Memorial Hospital have quarter delivery report of 1496 and 1110 respectively. Accordingly, 138 (46 cases and 92 controls) study (...truncated)


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Teklit Grum, Solomon Hintsa, Gebremedhin Hagos. Dietary factors associated with preeclampsia or eclampsia among women in delivery care services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a case control study, BMC Research Notes, 2018, pp. 683, Volume 11, Issue 1, DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3793-8