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First report of Alternaria alternata infection of kiwifruit in Turkey
Aziz Karakaya
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Arzu elik
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3 days. Four weeks after inoculation, necrotic areas,
ca
. 4-mm in diameter,
were observed on the inoculated leaves. A. alternata was reisolated from the diseased regions. No disease was observed with the control plants. Cultures of Alternaria alternata are deposited in a herbarium at the Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Turkey and in the Gazi University herbarium (GAZI)
, Ankara,
Turkey
(GAZI herbarium no: A. Karakaya 1046). Alternaria alternata was reported from Italy and Greece as the causal agents of leaf spot and dieback of kiwifruits (Corazza et al. 1999; Tsahouridou and Thanassoulopoulos 2000). This is the first report of
A leaf spot disease of kiwifruit caused by Alternaria alternata is reported for the first time from Turkey.
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During the surveys of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A.
Chev.) C. F. Liang & A. R. Ferguson) cv. Hayward in
2009 and 2010 in Rize province of Turkey, small,
necrotic leaf spots were commonly observed (Fig. 1).
The leaf spot was observed in the Rize central, ayeli,
Pazar and Ardeen districts. The fungus isolated from
the infected leaves, on potato dextrose agar, was
identified as Alternaria alternata (Nees:Fr.) Keissl, based
on conidial morphological characteristics (Simmons
2007). Pathogenicity tests were performed in a
controlled growth room with a 18/23 C night/day
temperature regime. The relative humidity of the controlled
growth room ranged between 65 % and 85 % during
the experimental period. Pathogenicity studies were
performed with 2 year-old kiwifruit plants cv.
Hayward. Mycelial plugs, 0.5 cm in diameter, taken from
a 10 day-old A. alternata culture were placed on the
fully expanded kiwifruit leaves and removed 1 week
later. In control treatments only sterile agar plugs were
used. The leaves were misted three times each day for
Fig. 1 Leaf spot symptoms caused by Alternaria alternata observed in
kiwifruit orchards in Rize, Turkey
Acknowledgments This study was supported by the Ankara
University Research Fund (Project No: 08B4347002). The authors thank to
members of the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,
Plant Protection Section, Rize Branch, Turkey, for their help during
this study, and to Professor Mecit Vural of Gazi University for his help
during the preparation of the herbarium sample.
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