Cognitive radio for vehicular ad hoc networks (CR-VANETs): approaches and challenges

EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, Mar 2014

With growing interest in using cognitive radio (CR) technology in wireless communication systems for vehicles, it is envisioned that future vehicles will be CR-enabled. This paper discusses CR technologies for vehicular networks aimed at improving vehicular communication efficiency. CR for vehicular networks has the potential of becoming a killer CR application in the future due to a huge consumer market for vehicular communications. This paper surveys novel approaches and discusses research challenges related to the use of cognitive radio technology in vehicular ad hoc networks. We review how CR technologies such as dynamic spectrum access, adaptive software-defined radios, and cooperative communications will enhance vehicular communications and, hence, present the potential of transforming vehicle communication in terms of efficiency and safety. Our work is different from existing works in that we provide recent advances and open research directions on applying cognitive radio in vehicular ad hoc networks (CR-VANETs) focusing on architecture, machine learning, cooperation, reprogrammability, and spectrum management as well as QoE optimization for infotainment applications. A taxonomy of recent advances in cognitive radio for vehicular networks is also provided. In addition, several challenges and requirements have been identified. The research on applying CR in vehicular networks is still in its early stage, and there are not many experimental platforms due to their complex setup and requirements. Some related testbeds and research projects are provided at the end.

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Cognitive radio for vehicular ad hoc networks (CR-VANETs): approaches and challenges

EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking Cognitive radio for vehicular ad hoc networks (CR-VANETs): approaches and challenges Kamal Deep Singh 0 Priyanka Rawat Jean-Marie Bonnin 0 0 Department RSM , Telecom Bretagne, 35510 Cesson Sevigne , France With growing interest in using cognitive radio (CR) technology in wireless communication systems for vehicles, it is envisioned that future vehicles will be CR-enabled. This paper discusses CR technologies for vehicular networks aimed at improving vehicular communication efficiency. CR for vehicular networks has the potential of becoming a killer CR application in the future due to a huge consumer market for vehicular communications. This paper surveys novel approaches and discusses research challenges related to the use of cognitive radio technology in vehicular ad hoc networks. We review how CR technologies such as dynamic spectrum access, adaptive software-defined radios, and cooperative communications will enhance vehicular communications and, hence, present the potential of transforming vehicle communication in terms of efficiency and safety. Our work is different from existing works in that we provide recent advances and open research directions on applying cognitive radio in vehicular ad hoc networks (CR-VANETs) focusing on architecture, machine learning, cooperation, reprogrammability, and spectrum management as well as QoE optimization for infotainment applications. A taxonomy of recent advances in cognitive radio for vehicular networks is also provided. In addition, several challenges and requirements have been identified. The research on applying CR in vehicular networks is still in its early stage, and there are not many experimental platforms due to their complex setup and requirements. Some related testbeds and research projects are provided at the end. CR-VANETs; CRVs; Dynamic spectrum allocation; IEEE 802; 11p; Intelligent transportation systems; Survey; Vehicular communication; V2I; V2R; V2V 1 Introduction Increasing number of vehicles on the road has brought focus on improving road safety as well as in-vehicle entertainment. In tune with this demand, we are witnessing a rise in development of new applications and services for vehicular environments. Some common examples include applications for collision avoidance, safety and traffic monitoring, multimedia streaming, data collection for smart cities in synergy with wireless sensor networks [ 1 ], vehicle-to-vehicle communication (V2V), etc. Consequently, vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) has emerged as a new technology that can support such emerging vehicular applications. A VANET is defined as a spontaneous ad hoc network formed over vehicles moving on the road. Such a network can be formed between vehicles with V2V communication or between vehicles and infrastructure with vehicle-toinfrastructure (V2I) communication. Such VANETs in which vehicles can communicate with each other and also with roadside infrastructure provide a means to improve road safety by enabling a number of potential applications for driver assistance, collision warning, traffic information, and monitoring [ 2-6 ]. The availability of various applications will improve road safety and vehicular environment. Dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) [ 7-10 ] is a generic name for short-range, point-to-point communication. It is also the name of the older technology mainly used for vehicle to road communication (e.g., toll gate). The channels reserved worldwide in the 5.9 GHz band for such communications are known as DSRC channels. The IEEE 1609 - Dedicated Short-Range Communication Working Group is developing standards for wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE) and the communication is based on IEEE 802.11p [ 11,12 ], which is an amendment to IEEE 802.11 standard in order to support communication in dynamic vehicular environments. IEEE 802.11p standardizes the communication aspects related to physical (PHY) and media access control (MAC). Currently, the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has allocated 75 MHz and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) allocated 30 MHz of spectrum in 5.9 GHz band for the deployment of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) services [ 13,14 ]. However, a significant rise in vehicular applications, especially in urban environments, with several vehicles, may lead to overcrowding of the band and thereby resulting in degraded vehicular communication efficiency for safety applications, as pointed out in [15]. Moreover, not only safety applications, but also growing demand and usage of in-car entertainment and information systems comprising bandwidth demanding multimedia applications (e.g., video streaming) will lead to congested vehicular networks and spectrum scarcity for IEEE 802.11p-based vehicular applications [ 15 ]. In view of this, using cognitive radio (CR) technology in VANETs will enable more efficient radio spect (...truncated)


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Kamal Deep Singh, Priyanka Rawat, Jean-Marie Bonnin. Cognitive radio for vehicular ad hoc networks (CR-VANETs): approaches and challenges, EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2014, pp. 49, Volume 2014, Issue 1, DOI: 10.1186/1687-1499-2014-49