Adaptive transport layer protocol for highly dynamic environment

EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, Dec 2012

Computer and wireless communication require Internet accessibility at anytime and anywhere; this includes in a high-speed mobile station such as in speedy trains, fast moving cars as vehicle-to-infrastructure communication. However, wireless Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning in such an environment is more challenging. This increased the development of numerous schemes concerning the need of smooth handover of the mobile nodes. Conversely, transport layer (L4 in ISO layers) protocols such as stream control transmission protocol can support such a seamless handover in high-speed mobility users. This article highlights on the issues of moving users in mobile WiMAX networks. An adaptation of transport layer protocol of the high mobility vehicle that supports seamless handover can guarantee and maintain QoS for rapid handover rates. The results show an improvement of L4 protocol in terms of delay time and throughput in order to enable efficient and robust mobility aware protocols.

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Adaptive transport layer protocol for highly dynamic environment

EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking Adaptive transport layer protocol for highly dynamic environment Hala Eldaw Idris Jubara 0 Sharifah Hafizah Syed Ariffin 0 Shiela N Fisal 0 Nurul Muazzah Abdul Latiff 0 Sharifah K Syed Yusof 0 Rozeha Rashid 0 0 UTM MIMOS CoE Communication and Information, Faculty of Electrical Engineering , Universiti Technologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor 81310 , Malaysia Computer and wireless communication require Internet accessibility at anytime and anywhere; this includes in a high-speed mobile station such as in speedy trains, fast moving cars as vehicle-to-infrastructure communication. However, wireless Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning in such an environment is more challenging. This increased the development of numerous schemes concerning the need of smooth handover of the mobile nodes. Conversely, transport layer (L4 in ISO layers) protocols such as stream control transmission protocol can support such a seamless handover in high-speed mobility users. This article highlights on the issues of moving users in mobile WiMAX networks. An adaptation of transport layer protocol of the high mobility vehicle that supports seamless handover can guarantee and maintain QoS for rapid handover rates. The results show an improvement of L4 protocol in terms of delay time and throughput in order to enable efficient and robust mobility aware protocols. Cross-layer; Handover delay; Adaptive mobility; High speed Introduction With more users moving around in need of Internet connection from their home to their office, vehicular ad-hoc network (VANETs) has increasingly become popular. However, to have infrastructure of 3G and 4G around VANET expands its usage by attaching the users to the backbone infrastructure for additional support and usage applications. Thus, in VANET there are two types of communication, which are vehicles-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I). V2V deals with communication between vehicles themselves, while V2Itransmits information between vehicles and the fixed infrastructure which are installed on the sides of the road. This infrastructure includes gateways or base stations that provide services such as Internet access. VANET is very similar to mobile ad-hoc network (MANETs). However, the network topology in vehicular networks is highly dynamic and the topology is often constrained by the road structure [ 1,2 ]. Furthermore, V2I is likely to encounter a lot of obstacles such as poor channel quality and connectivity due to high moving speeds. Thus, there is a crucial need for effective protocols that take the specific characteristics of vehicular networks into account [ 3,4 ]. Most of the existing transport layer techniques proposed for mobility cannot deal with mobility on their own, since they depend on the network layer mobility management required by handovers. The main purpose is simply to minimize the degradation of transport layer performance caused by handovers. Some of the newly emerging protocols, such as stream control transmission protocol (SCTP), suggest the possibility of independent management of mobility by the transport layer. The multi-homing features of SCTP provide a basis for mobility support since it allows a mobile user to add new IP address, while holding the old IP address already assigned to itself [ 5-9 ]. When the vehicle moves fast in V2I from on base station to another; the current Internet session will experience long handover delay. To reduce this delay we proposed an enhancement over existing protocol known as seamless IP diversity-based generalized mobility architecture (SIGMA) as shown in Figure 1. SIGMA uses a location manager (LM) to reduce handover delay caused of diversity in the network as mentioned in Figure 1. Conversely, SIGMA experiences more handover delay and packet loss rate when the handover rate is high (high moving speed). A crosslayer design of transport layer (L4) and data link layer (L2) is proposed in order to optimize the performance of SIGMA. To exploit SIGMA IP diversity and overcome the weakness for high speeds, a cross-layer design makes L4 aware about the movement of the vehicle using the radio signal strength indicator (RSSI) of L2. The rest on the article is organized as follows. The following section presents the highly dynamic environments literature review, and the related works. An overview of vehicular network mobility management in terms of five requirements is detailed in “Vehicular network mobility management”. The cross-layer design of the high speed to overcome the problem statement is discussed in Section “Proposed transport layer adaptation for high-speed vehicle”. Section “Simulation topology” describes simulation topology and parameters. Section “Results and discussion” presents results of the protocol design mentioned, and the final section concludes the article. Highly dynamic environments Mobility management is one of the most challenging researc (...truncated)


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Hala Eldaw Idris Jubara, Sharifah Hafizah Syed Ariffin, Shiela N Fisal, Nurul Muazzah Abdul Latiff, Sharifah K Syed Yusof, Rozeha Rashid. Adaptive transport layer protocol for highly dynamic environment, EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2012, pp. 229, Volume 2012, Issue 1, DOI: 10.1186/1687-1499-2012-229