A new fossil species of Phlebotominae sand fly from Miocene amber of Chiapas, Mexico (Diptera: Psychodidae)

PalZ, Jul 2013

The male of Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) bolontikui sp. nov., from the Miocene Mexican amber deposits of Simojovel, Chiapas, is described. This is the second fossil phlebotomine sand fly described from Mexico. Morphological differences between fossil and extant species of American phlebotomine sand flies are discussed.

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A new fossil species of Phlebotominae sand fly from Miocene amber of Chiapas, Mexico (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Sergio Iban ez-Bernal 0 1 2 3 4 Monica Solorzano Kraemer 0 1 2 3 4 Frauke Stebner 0 1 2 3 4 Ru diger Wagner 0 1 2 3 4 Mexikanischer Bernstein Pintomyia 0 1 2 3 4 0 M. S. Kraemer F. Stebner Steinmann-Institut fur Geologie, Mineralogie und Palaontologie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn , Nussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany 1 S. Ibanez-Bernal (&) Instituto de Ecologa , A. C. Red Ambiente y Sustentabilidad, Antigua carretera a Coatepec No. 351 El Haya, 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico 2 Schlu sselw orter Phlebotomine 3 R. Wagner FB 18 Naturwissenschaften, Institut fur Biologie , Heinrich-Plett-Strae 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany 4 M. S. Kraemer Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum , Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany The male of Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) bolontikui sp. nov., from the Miocene Mexican amber deposits of Simojovel, Chiapas, is described. This is the second fossil phlebotomine sand fly described from Mexico. Morphological differences between fossil and extant species of American phlebotomine sand flies are discussed. Kurzfassung Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) bolontikui sp. nov. aus dem Miozanen Mexikanischen Bernstein von Simojovel, Chiapas wird beschrieben. Dies ist die zweite beschriebene fossile Phlebotomine aus Mexiko. Morphologische Unterschiede zwischen fossilen und rezenten Arten der amerikanischen Phlebotominae werden diskutiert. - Phlebotominae is one of the six subfamilies of Psychodidae, with more than 800 species described worldwide (Wagner 2009; Curler and Moulton 2012). Due to their medical and veterinary importance, it is the best studied group of psychodids, as their females are hematophagous and involved in the transmission of pathogens, principally those that produce all clinical types of leishmaniasis (Young and Arias 1991). Nevertheless, their taxonomy is controversial and much discussed. Rohdendorf (1964) as well as Abonnenc (1976) and Williams (1993) gave them family rank, whereas they were treated as a subfamily of Psychodidae including six genera of Phlebotminae according to Lewis et al. (1977) and Young and Duncan (1994), as a subfamily including 24 genera according to Artemiev (1991), and as a subfamily including 31 genera according to Galati (2003). Psychodidae are known from the Lower Jurassic (Ansorge 1994; Krzeminski 2003) and probably from the upper Triassic (Blagoderov et al. 2007). The oldest records of phlebotomine-like species from amber are from the Lower Cretaceous deposits of France (Perrichot et al. 2007), Spain (Declo`s et al. 2007) and Lebanon (Azar et al. 1999), although the placement of some of these species into the Phlebotominae still is a matter of debate (Lukashevich 2003). Furthermore, two species of Phlebotomites from Lebanese amber (Hennig 1972) and Palaeomyia burmitis from Burmese amber (Poinar 2004) show evidence of blood-sucking habits that, in addition to other morphologic characteristics, support their inclusion in Phlebotominae. From the Eocene, two genera, Phlebotomiella and Sergentomyia, are known from Baltic amber (Andrade Filho and Brazil 2003) and one more from Indian amber b Fig. 1 Photographs of Pintomyia (Pintomyia) bolontikui sp. nov. (holotype, male, Mx 351.3). 1 General view; 2 body close-up; 3 detail of paramere, lateral lobe and cercus; 4 detail of gonopod; 5 antennae; 6 head and its appendages; 7 wing; 8 detail of hind femora. Scales in millimeters described as Phlebotoiella by Solorzano Kraemer and Wagner (2009). From the New World, 16 fossil species are described to date from the Miocene Dominican and Mexican amber deposits. These correspond to the genus Lutzomyia Franca (sensu Young and Duncan 1994) or to genera Micropygomyia Barretto (3 spp.), Pintomyia Costa Lima (12 spp.), and Psathyromyia Barretto (1 sp.) (sensu Galati 2003), (Poinar 2008; Andrade Filho et al. 2009a; Andrade Filho et al. 2009b). From the Mexican amber deposit of Simojovel de Allende, Chiapas, which is dated to the Miocene age (20 Ma) (Solorzano Kraemer 2007), only the phlebotomine sand fly Micropygomyia (Sauromyia) paterna Quate, 1963 sensu Galati (2003), described as Phlebotomus paternus, has been recorded. In this report the second species of phlebotomine sand fly from the Simojovel amber is described based on morphological characteristics of a male specimen. Materials and methods The piece of amber containing the specimen was polished to form a cube, measuring 7.5 9 5.2 (principal surface) 9 3.3 mm (proof). The specimen was examined using a Nikon Eclipse 50i microscope. Measurements were obtained with an ocular micrometer and are given in millimeters. Drawings were rendered with the aid of a Nikon YIDT drawing tube and digitally processed with Corel Photo Paint X3 (Version 13). Microphotographs were captured with a Nikon Digital Sight DS2Mv camera using NISElements F 3.2 and later edited for clarity using Helicon Focus v. 4.75. Morphological terminology is in accordance with Young and Duncan (1994) and Galati (2003). We (...truncated)


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Sergio Ibáñez-Bernal, Mónica Solórzano Kraemer, Frauke Stebner, Rüdiger Wagner. A new fossil species of Phlebotominae sand fly from Miocene amber of Chiapas, Mexico (Diptera: Psychodidae), PalZ, 2013, pp. 227-233, Volume 88, Issue 2, DOI: 10.1007/s12542-013-0191-3