Composition of essential oils of four Hedychiumspecies from Vietnam
Bui Van Thanh
Do N Dai
Tran D Thang
0
Nguyen Q Binh
Luu D Ngoc Anh
Isiaka A Ogunwande
0
Faculty of Chemistry, Vinh University
,
182-Le Duan, Vinh City, Nghe An Province
,
Vietnam
Background: Vietnam is a country blessed with many medicinal plants widely used as food and for medicinal purposes, and they contain a host of active substances that contribute to health. However, the analysis of chemical constituents of these plant species has not been subject of literature discussion. Results: In this study, the chemical compositions of essential oils of four Hedychium species, obtained by hydrodistillation, were determined by means of gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. Individually, -pinene (52.5%) and -pinene (31.8%) were present in the leaf oil of Hedychium stenopetalum Lodd., while linalool (45.2%), (E)-nerolidol (8.7%) and -pinene (5.0%) were identified in the root. The leaf of Hedychium coronarium J. Knig was characterized by -pinene (20.0%), linalool (15.8%), 1,8-cineole (10.7%), -pinene (10.1%) and -terpineol (8.6%); while -pinene (23.6%), -humulene (17.1%) and -caryophyllene (13.0%) were identified in the root. Hedychium flavum Roxb., gave oil whose major compounds were -pinene (22.5%), -humulene (15.7%) and -caryophyllene (10.4%) in the leaf; -humulene (18.9%), -caryophyllene (11.8%) and -pinene (11.2%) in the stem, as well as -pinene (21.8%), linalool (17.5%) and 1,8-cineole (13.5%) in the root. The main constituents of Hedychium ellipticum Buch.-Ham. ex Smith were (E)-nerolidol (15.9%), -pinene (11.8%) and bornyl acetate (9.2%) in the leaf with 1,8-cineole (40.8%), -pinene (18.3%) and -pinene (11.0%) occurring in the root. Conclusions: Ubiquitous monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were identified as characteristic markers for Hedychium species. This work is of great importance for the evaluation of Hedychium essential oils grown in Vietnam.
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Background
In continuation of our research aimed at the isolation and
characterization of volatile constituents of Vietnamese flora
[1], we report herein compounds identified in four
Hedychium species. The genus Hedychium consists of about 50
species and is one of the most popular genera of
Zingiberaceae because of its attractive foliage, diverse and showy
flowers, and sweet fragrance [2]. Hedychium stenopetalum
C. Lodd., is a potentially one of the tallest of all Hedychium
species growing anything up to 3 to 4 m tall with big, bold
oblong hairy leaves 810 cm long. This herbaceous plant
has spikes of ghost white flowers with faint greenish-yellow
tint to the base of the labellum. The stamens are white. The
stems are about 3040 cm long. The seeds are pale brown
squarish shape 3-4 mm while the root is a thick pinky
coloured spreading rhizome. Hedychium stenopetalum has
a large natural range from north-eastern India to Guangxi
province in China and down into northern Vietnam and
Laos [3]. A glycoside, syringetin 3-rhamnoside was isolated
from H. stenopetalum [4]. The major compounds in the
rhizome essential oils of H. stenopetalum were -pinene,
linalool and 1,8-cineole [5].
Hedychium coronarium J. Knig is a perennial growing
to 1.5 m (5 ft) by 1 m (3 ft 3in). It is in flower from Aug
to October. The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both
male and female organs). The seed is aromatic,
carminative and stomachic [6]. The root is antirheumatic, excitant
and tonic. The ground rhizome is used as a febrifuge. An
essential oil from the roots is carminative and has
anthelmintic indications [6]. Extracts of H. coronarium have been
used for the treatment of inflammation, skin diseases,
headache, and sharp pain due to rheumatism in
traditional medicine [7]. The plant also possessed analgesic and
neuropharmacological [8,9], anti-inflammatory [9],
antimicrobial [10,11] and cytotoxic [11] activities.
Phytochemical investigation revealed the isolation of labdane-type
diterpenes coronarins G-I [7] as well as hedychicoronarin,
peroxycoronarin D, 7-hydroxycalcaratarin A and
(E)7-hydroxy-6-oxo-labda-8(17),12-diene-15,16-dial which
have potential anti-inflammatory benefits [12]. A
diterpene named isocoronarin-D was also isolated from sample
collected in Nepal [13]. In addition, a diterpenoid Galanal
B, known for the regulation of blood glucose levels [14],
benzoyl eugenol and ethoxy coronarin D [15], cytotoxic
coronarin D [16], cytotoxic diterpenoids and
diarylheptanoid [17] and hepatoprotective constituents [18] were
the other notable compounds present in the plant. The
chemical constituents of essential oils of various parts
of H. coronarium have been documented with many
chemotypic forms [19-34].
Hedychium ellipticum Buch.-Ham. ex Smith., is a fully
hardy perennial semi-evergreen rhizome with cream and
white flowers in late Summer, early Autumn and mid
Summer. It grows well in semi-shade, and prefers high
levels of water. The flowers are arranged in a
umbelliform cyme inflorescence with orange pollen [35 (...truncated)