The First Mitochondrial Genome for the Superfamily Hagloidea and Implications for Its Systematic Status in Ensifera
Zhao L (2014) The First Mitochondrial Genome for the Superfamily Hagloidea and Implications for Its Systematic Status in Ensifera. PLoS
ONE 9(1): e86027. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086027
The First Mitochondrial Genome for the Superfamily Hagloidea and Implications for Its Systematic Status in Ensifera
Zhijun Zhou 0
Fuming Shi 0
Ling Zhao 0
George E. Fox, University of Houston, United States of America
0 1 College of Life Sciences, Hebei University , Baoding, Hebei Province , China , 2 College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Mianyang Normal University , Mianyang, Sichuan Province , China
Hagloidea Handlirsch, 1906 was an ancient group of Ensifera, that was much more diverse in the past extending at least into the Triassic, apparently diminishing in diversity through the Cretaceous, and now only represented by a few extant species. In this paper, we report the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Tarragoilus diuturnus Gorochov, 2001, representing the first mitogenome of the superfamily Hagloidea. The size of the entire mitogenome of T. diuturnus is 16144 bp, containing 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes and one control region. The order and orientation of the gene arrangement pattern is identical to that of D. yakuba and most ensiferans species. A phylogenomic analysis was carried out based on the concatenated dataset of 13 PCGs and 2 rRNA genes from mitogenome sequences of 15 ensiferan species, comprising four superfamilies Grylloidea, Tettigonioidae, Rhaphidophoroidea and Hagloidea. Both maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses strongly support Hagloidea T. diuturnus and Rhaphidophoroidea Troglophilus neglectus as forming a monophyletic group, sister to the Tettigonioidea. The relationships among four superfamilies of Ensifera were (Grylloidea, (Tettigonioidea, (Hagloidea, Rhaphidophoroidea))).
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Funding: This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of PR China (No. 31101632, 31071955 and 31372232). The funders had no role
in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Analyses of molecular data are often effective for phylogenetic
reconstruction, as they benefit from a great number of informative
characters without the kinds of biases that can be introduced by
the choice and scoring of morphological characters [1]. The
complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) is one of the most
widely used molecular components in the phylogenetic analysis of
insects, because it carries much more information than an
individual gene.
The Ensifera consist of about 10,000 species and six extant
superfamilies according to the Orthoptera Species File Online [2].
The group contains many familiar insects including katydids,
crickets, mole crickets, and wetas. They are well known for
acoustic signals produced in the contexts of courtship and mate
recognition. Among the ensiferans are some clear relicts, such as
members of Stenopelmatoidea and Hagloidea. The superfamily
Hagloidea Handlirsch, 1906 was an ancient group of Ensifera. It
was much more diverse in the past, extending at least into the
Triassic, apparently diminishing in diversity through the
Cretaceous [3]. It is the only family group of ensiferans, which can be
traced from the Mesozoic to now [4]. Today, the Hagloidea are
represented by only a few species, entirely in the sole modern
family Prophalangopsidae Kirby, 1906 [2], that seems to
intermingle traits of the Tettigonioidae and Grylloidea. The
Prophalangopsidae contain five fossil subfamilies (Aboilinae
Martynov, 1925; Protaboilinae Gorochov, 1988; Chifengiinae
Hong, 1982; Termitidiinae Zeuner, 1939; Tettohaglinae
Gorochov, 2003) and twoextant subfamilies: Prophalangopsinae
Kirby, 1906 (extant 3 genera 4 species) and Cyphoderrinae
Gorochov, 1988(extant 2 genera 4 species) [2].
The phylogeny of the Ensifera has been most investigated by
Gwynne [5] and Desutter-Grandcolas [6]. However, the
phylogenetic relationships between major ensiferan lineages are still
poorly understood, despite many comprehensive efforts to define
these lineages and reconstruct their relationships using
morphological characters. The Hagloidea were an ancient group of
Ensifera and appear to be ancestors of the Tettigonioidea and
Stenopelmatoidea [7]. Prophalangopsidae is an intermediate
group between Tettigonioidea, Stenopelmatoidea, and the more
primitive Hagloidea. Therefore the above-mentioned trends are
very important for their evolution (and consequently for their
taxonomy) [7]. Prophalangopsinae and Cyphoderrinae are more
closely related to the Tettigonioidae (katydids or bush-crickets)
than to any other ensiferans, and their evolutionary split occurred
more than 230 million years ago in the Permian. The close
relationships between the Prophalangopsidae and Tettigonioidae
are congruent with (...truncated)