Synthesis of WS2 and WSe2 nanowires on stainless steel coupon by reaction under autogenic pressure at elevated temperature method

Applied Nanoscience, Oct 2015

The novel flower-like WE2 (E = S or Se) nanoflakes are synthesized and the growth of WS2 and WSe2 nanowires on stain less steel coupons (SSC) is observed by reaction under autogenic pressure at elevated temperature technique between the metallic tungsten and chalcogen powders at 750 °C for 3 h. Powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy are used to characterize all reaction products, viz., neat WS2, WSe2 powder, WS2/SSC and WSe2/SSC (stainless steel coupon). The photoluminescence spectrum of WS2 and WSe2 samples are also reported. In addition, the direct use of metals as precursors will devoid the harmful effects of organometallic precursor.

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Synthesis of WS2 and WSe2 nanowires on stainless steel coupon by reaction under autogenic pressure at elevated temperature method

Synthesis of WS2 and WSe2 nanowires on stainless steel coupon by reaction under autogenic pressure at elevated temperature method R. Yuvasravan 0 1 G. Apsana 0 1 P. P. George 0 1 I. Genish 0 1 Shirly ben-david Maklouf 0 1 Y. Koltypin 0 1 A. Gedanken 0 1 0 Department of Chemistry, Madanapalle Institute of Technology and Science , (Affliated to JNTUA, Ananthapur and Approved by AICTE, New Delhi), Post-Box No.14, Angallu, Madanapalle 517325, AndhraPradesh , India 1 Department of Chemistry and Kanbar Laboratory for Materials, Center for Advanced Materials and Technology, Bar-Ilan University , Ramat-Gan , Israel The novel flower-like WE2 (E = S or Se) nanoflakes are synthesized and the growth of WS2 and WSe2 nanowires on stain less steel coupons (SSC) is observed by reaction under autogenic pressure at elevated temperature technique between the metallic tungsten and chalcogen powders at 750 C for 3 h. Powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy are used to characterize all reaction products, viz., neat WS2, WSe2 powder, WS2/SSC and WSe2/SSC (stainless steel coupon). The photoluminescence spectrum of WS2 and WSe2 samples are also reported. In addition, the direct use of metals as precursors will devoid the harmful effects of organometallic precursor. - Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCS) have been explained by scientists to exhibit excellent electronic, magnetic and electrochemical properties which have generated interest for energy-associated device applications for example solar cell and lithium batteries.(Shi et al. 2015) One-dimensional nanostructures are receiving increasing attention because of their potential applications in electronics and photonics (Zhang et al. 2007). Fabrication of nanoflakes, nanorods, and nanoribbons has been demonstrated for elemental semiconductors, such as silicon and germanium compounds (Wang et al. 2000; Liang et al. 2001). Tungsten chalcogenides, WE2 (E = S or Se) are very useful as a high-efficient solid lubricant (Erdemir and Bhusan 2001; Voevodin et al. 1999; Voevodin and Zabinski 2000) and catalyst (Wu et al. 2004; Breysse et al. 1984). In addition tungsten chalcogenides also have wide range of applications such as photoelectrochemical cells (PEC), photovoltaic (PV) solar cells (Tributsch 1977, 1978; Tributsch and Bernnett 1977; Ja¨ger-Waldau et al. 1994; Niu et al. 2014; Matthaus et al. 1997; Srivastava and Avasthi 1985), tribology and also as electrode material in lithium ion batteries (Martin-Litas et al. 1999, 2002). The current methods used to prepare the WS2 and WSe2 as thin films on a variety of substrates are DC and RF sputtering method (Regula et al. 1996; Ellmer et al. 1997), sulfurization of ion beam sputtered WO3 thin films (Genut et al. 1992; Ennaoui et al. 1997), pulse laser deposition (Zabinski et al. 1994), vapor deposition method(Huang et al. 2014), electrodeposition (Devadasan et al. 2001), chemical bath deposition (Chatzitheodorou et al. 1988). Pol and his coworkers had demonstrated the synthesis of WS2 breeds embedded in carbon and WSe2/C nanocomposite by employing the RAPET technique (Pol et al. 2007, 2008). In the current article, the synthesis of WS2 and WSe2 nanocrystals with novel flower-like pattern of radially aligned nanoflakes via a RAPET method is demonstrated. The synthesis of WS2 and WSe2 nanowires on the SSC is also reported in this paper. There is no literature about the synthesis of WS2 and WSe2 nanowires on the SSC. Intense research has been focused on the deposition of materials on variety of substrates due to application in various fields such as antireflection coatings, optical filters, solar cells, photoconductors, sensors, etc. (Pawar et al. 2011). In this paper, RAPET method is used to deposit the WS2 and WSe2 nanowires on the SSC. This hybrid material cannot only combine the uses of tungsten sulfide or tungsten selenide nanoparticles and SSC but also may result in new properties which might have potential applications in the nanoscale electronic devices and catalysis. The SSC coated with the WS2 and WSe2 nanocrystals have properties different from that of neat WS2 and WSe2 nanocrystals. In addition, these inorganic coatings of WS2 and WSe2 nanocrystals saved SSC from corrosion. The main aim in this paper is the production of WS2 and WSe2 nanomaterials without carbon as well as on flat surface like SSC via a RAPET reaction of metallic tungsten and S or Se. We also include the characterization and PL studies of WE2 (E = S or Se) nanoflakes. The XRD patterns of pristine WS2 and WSe2 nanoflakes are recorded using a Bruker D8 diffractometer with Cu Ka radiation. The morphologies of the WS2/SSC, WSe2/SSC, WS2 and WSe2 are studied by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies are carried out on a JEOL 2000 electron microscope. High-resolution TEM (HRTEM) images are taken using a JEOL 2010 with a 200 kV accelerating voltage. Samples for th (...truncated)


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R. Yuvasravan, G. Apsana, P. P. George, I. Genish, Shirly ben-david Maklouf, Y. Koltypin, A. Gedanken. Synthesis of WS2 and WSe2 nanowires on stainless steel coupon by reaction under autogenic pressure at elevated temperature method, Applied Nanoscience, 2016, pp. 855-862, Volume 6, Issue 6, DOI: 10.1007/s13204-015-0503-x