Synthesis of WS2 and WSe2 nanowires on stainless steel coupon by reaction under autogenic pressure at elevated temperature method
Synthesis of WS2 and WSe2 nanowires on stainless steel coupon by reaction under autogenic pressure at elevated temperature method
R. Yuvasravan 0 1
G. Apsana 0 1
P. P. George 0 1
I. Genish 0 1
Shirly ben-david Maklouf 0 1
Y. Koltypin 0 1
A. Gedanken 0 1
0 Department of Chemistry, Madanapalle Institute of Technology and Science , (Affliated to JNTUA, Ananthapur and Approved by AICTE, New Delhi), Post-Box No.14, Angallu, Madanapalle 517325, AndhraPradesh , India
1 Department of Chemistry and Kanbar Laboratory for Materials, Center for Advanced Materials and Technology, Bar-Ilan University , Ramat-Gan , Israel
The novel flower-like WE2 (E = S or Se) nanoflakes are synthesized and the growth of WS2 and WSe2 nanowires on stain less steel coupons (SSC) is observed by reaction under autogenic pressure at elevated temperature technique between the metallic tungsten and chalcogen powders at 750 C for 3 h. Powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy are used to characterize all reaction products, viz., neat WS2, WSe2 powder, WS2/SSC and WSe2/SSC (stainless steel coupon). The photoluminescence spectrum of WS2 and WSe2 samples are also reported. In addition, the direct use of metals as precursors will devoid the harmful effects of organometallic precursor.
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Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCS) have been
explained by scientists to exhibit excellent electronic,
magnetic and electrochemical properties which have
generated interest for energy-associated device applications for
example solar cell and lithium batteries.(Shi et al. 2015)
One-dimensional nanostructures are receiving increasing
attention because of their potential applications in
electronics and photonics (Zhang et al. 2007). Fabrication of
nanoflakes, nanorods, and nanoribbons has been
demonstrated for elemental semiconductors, such as silicon and
germanium compounds (Wang et al. 2000; Liang et al.
2001). Tungsten chalcogenides, WE2 (E = S or Se) are
very useful as a high-efficient solid lubricant (Erdemir and
Bhusan 2001; Voevodin et al. 1999; Voevodin and
Zabinski 2000) and catalyst (Wu et al. 2004; Breysse et al.
1984). In addition tungsten chalcogenides also have wide
range of applications such as photoelectrochemical cells
(PEC), photovoltaic (PV) solar cells (Tributsch 1977, 1978;
Tributsch and Bernnett 1977; Ja¨ger-Waldau et al. 1994;
Niu et al. 2014; Matthaus et al. 1997; Srivastava and
Avasthi 1985), tribology and also as electrode material in
lithium ion batteries (Martin-Litas et al. 1999, 2002). The
current methods used to prepare the WS2 and WSe2 as thin
films on a variety of substrates are DC and RF sputtering
method (Regula et al. 1996; Ellmer et al. 1997),
sulfurization of ion beam sputtered WO3 thin films (Genut et al.
1992; Ennaoui et al. 1997), pulse laser deposition (Zabinski
et al. 1994), vapor deposition method(Huang et al. 2014),
electrodeposition (Devadasan et al. 2001), chemical bath
deposition (Chatzitheodorou et al. 1988). Pol and his
coworkers had demonstrated the synthesis of WS2 breeds
embedded in carbon and WSe2/C nanocomposite by
employing the RAPET technique (Pol et al. 2007, 2008). In
the current article, the synthesis of WS2 and WSe2
nanocrystals with novel flower-like pattern of radially
aligned nanoflakes via a RAPET method is demonstrated.
The synthesis of WS2 and WSe2 nanowires on the SSC is
also reported in this paper. There is no literature about the
synthesis of WS2 and WSe2 nanowires on the SSC. Intense
research has been focused on the deposition of materials on
variety of substrates due to application in various fields such
as antireflection coatings, optical filters, solar cells,
photoconductors, sensors, etc. (Pawar et al. 2011). In this paper,
RAPET method is used to deposit the WS2 and WSe2
nanowires on the SSC. This hybrid material cannot only
combine the uses of tungsten sulfide or tungsten selenide
nanoparticles and SSC but also may result in new properties
which might have potential applications in the nanoscale
electronic devices and catalysis. The SSC coated with the
WS2 and WSe2 nanocrystals have properties different from
that of neat WS2 and WSe2 nanocrystals. In addition, these
inorganic coatings of WS2 and WSe2 nanocrystals saved
SSC from corrosion. The main aim in this paper is the
production of WS2 and WSe2 nanomaterials without carbon as
well as on flat surface like SSC via a RAPET reaction of
metallic tungsten and S or Se. We also include the
characterization and PL studies of WE2 (E = S or Se) nanoflakes.
The XRD patterns of pristine WS2 and WSe2 nanoflakes are
recorded using a Bruker D8 diffractometer with Cu Ka
radiation. The morphologies of the WS2/SSC, WSe2/SSC,
WS2 and WSe2 are studied by a scanning electron microscope
(SEM). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies are
carried out on a JEOL 2000 electron microscope.
High-resolution TEM (HRTEM) images are taken using a JEOL 2010
with a 200 kV accelerating voltage. Samples for th (...truncated)