Dietary polyphenols are inversely associated with metabolic syndrome in Polish adults of the HAPIEE study
Dietary polyphenols are inversely associated with metabolic syndrome in Polish adults of the HAPIEE study
Giuseppe Grosso 0
Urszula Stepaniak 0
Agnieszka Micek 0
Denes Stefler 0
Martin Bobak 0
Andrzej Paja˛k 0
0 Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London , London , UK
1 Giuseppe Grosso
Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between total and individual classes and subclasses of dietary polyphenol intake and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Polish arm of the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe cohort study. Methods A cross-sectional population-based survey including 8821 adults (51.4 % female) was conducted in Kraków, Poland. Dietary polyphenol intake was evaluated using food frequency questionnaires and matching food consumption data with the Phenol-Explorer database. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation definition. Linear and logistic regression models were performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs). Results Significant differences in age and energy intake among different categories of total dietary polyphenol intake were found. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, and triglycerides were significantly lower among individuals in the higher quartiles
Dietary polyphenols; Flavonoids; Phenolic acids; Stilbenes; Lignans; Metabolic syndrome; Blood pressure; Waist circumference; Dyslipidemia; Hyperglycemia
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1 Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna,
Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico Vittorio
Emanuele, Via S. Sofia 85, 95123 Catania, Italy
Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies,
Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
of polyphenol intake, but a linear association was found
only for BMI and WC. After adjusting for potential
confounding factors, individuals in the highest quartile of
polyphenol intake were less likely to have MetS (OR 0.80;
95 % CI 0.64, 0.98 and OR 0.70; 95 % CI 0.56, 0.86 for
both men and women, respectively). High total polyphenol
intake was negatively associated with WC, blood pressure,
high lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides in women,
and fasting plasma glucose in both genders. Among
individual classes of polyphenols, phenolic acids and stilbenes
were significantly associated with MetS; lignans and
stilbenes with WC; phenolic acids with blood pressure and
triglycerides; and flavonoids with fasting plasma glucose.
Among specific subclasses of polyphenols,
hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanols, and dihydrochalcones had the most
relevant role.
Conclusions Total and individual classes and subclasses
of dietary polyphenols were inversely associated with MetS
and some of its components.
Introduction
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a condition characterized by
a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors, including impaired
glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure,
and abdominal obesity [
1
]. The prevalence of MetS has
increased over the last decades up to 30 % among
European adults together with rise of obesity trends [
2
]. MetS
has become a major worldwide public health problem
due to its association with increased risk of
cardiovascular disease and cancers related to metabolic impairment
[
3
]. Among the main determinants, sedentary lifestyle and
overnutrition seem to be mostly responsible for this
pathological condition [
4
]. However, existing knowledge of
pathogenic mechanisms associated to MetS is
controversial and not uniformly accepted. Findings from current
evidence agree that the complex interplay between adipokines
and adipocytokines characterizing obesity status occurring
in MetS leads to a chronic low-grade inflammation with
permanently increased oxidative stress [
5
].
Overexpression of oxidative stress damages cellular structures,
associated with underproduction of antioxidant mechanisms,
which are supposed to be key features for the development
of obesity-related complications [
5
]. This may explain why
plant-based dietary patterns have been demonstrated to
protect against MetS and its individual components [
6, 7
].
Together with a decreased caloric intake, high consumption
of antioxidant compounds has been hypothesized to play
an important role in preventing this pathological condition
[
8–10
].
Polyphenols are antioxidant compounds contained in
foods and beverages commonly consumed by humans.
These compounds are divided into five main classes
according to their chemical structure: flavonoids,
phenolic acids, stilbenes, lignans, and others [
11
]. Recently,
polyphenol consumption has been the focus of attention
as an attractive explanation for the benefits conferred not
only by plant foods, but also beverage, such as coffee,
tea, and beer [
4, 12–16
]. Several experimental studies
provided the biological plausibility for their potential
role in preventing components of MetS [
17–20
].
Polyphenols have (...truncated)