Impact of textile sludge on the growth of red amaranth (Amaranthus gangeticus)
Int J Recycl Org Waste Agricult
Impact of textile sludge on the growth of red amaranth (Amaranthus gangeticus)
Badrun Nessa 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
M. Mostafizur Rahman 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Mashura Shammi 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Mohammad A. Rahman 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Tasrina Rabia Chowdhury 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Mubarak Ahmad 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Md. Khabir Uddin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
0 Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission , Dhaka , Bangladesh
1 Mashura Shammi
2 Department of Chemistry, Jahangirnagar University , Dhaka 1342 , Bangladesh
3 M. Mostafizur Rahman
4 & Badrun Nessa
5 Institute of Radiation and Polymer Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission , Dhaka , Bangladesh
6 Department of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Canada
7 Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing , China
8 Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University , Dhaka 1342 , Bangladesh
9 Md. Khabir Uddin
10 Mubarak Ahmad
11 Tasrina Rabia Chowdhury
12 Mohammad A. Rahman
Purpose In Bangladesh, the sludge of textile effluent treatment plant has been considered as a potential environmental threat due to its huge volume and chemical content. Thus, the present study was carried out to assess the reuse possibility/potentiality of textile sludge in agricultural applications. Method Textile sludge was applied at different loading ratios (0-100 % sludge) with soil for the pot cultivation of red amaranth (Amaranthus gangeticus); subsequently, chemical analyses were carried out on the harvested plants. Results The results showed that the content of plant nutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and iron (Fe) in sludge was significant compared to organic manure along with a high content of total organic carbon (TOC). The growth parameters (height, number of leaves, leaf area and root length) of red amaranth were affected by the application of textile sludge. Maximum plant growth was observed in the 100 % sludge treatment group, maybe because of the high content of plant nutrients. However, the root length and number of leaves were not significantly affected by the sludge. The plant analyses implied that addition of textile sludge did not increase the content of copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn), but lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) content crossed the maximum permissible limit set by FAO/WHO. Conclusion Textile sludge can improve the nutrient contents of pot soil and growth of red amaranth, which is revealed by pot experiments. Therefore, it can be used as soil improver if Pb, Cr, Zn and Fe content can be controlled in the textile sludge.
Fertilizer growth; Red amaranth; Heavy metals; Solidification; Nutrients; Plant; Textile sludge
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Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido
University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
Introduction
The textile and dyeing industries are now viewed as a
major environmental threat in Bangladesh because of the
presence of highly toxic dyes, salts, acids, alkalis bleaching
agents and heavy metals such as Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr and Fe
(Islam et al. 2009; Mathur et al. 2005)
. This industrial
sector is one of the largest consumers of water as well as
the biggest producers of wastewater. In Bangladesh,
different industries have emerged in the last decade producing
huge volumes of effluents and about 28 % are textile and
dyeing industries (Shammi et al. 2014). According to the
Bangladesh government rules, every industry has an
effluent treatment plant. The plants are not generally
operated because of the high cost involved in treating
effluents, as a result they discharge the untreated effluent to
the outside environment which ultimately negatively
affects human beings
(Hossain et al. 2010, 2015)
.
During the past two decades, the reuse of treated or
untreated wastewater in irrigation has been quite common
in Europe, the USA, Mexico, Australia, China, India and
the Near East and, to a lesser extent, in Chile, Peru,
Argentina, the Sudan and South Africa
(Bartone and
Arlosoroff 1987)
. Industrial wastewater has also been
considered as a threat to the environment in Bangladesh.
Researchers are looking for suitable management options
for industrial wastewater, such as reuse of
gamma-irradiated textile wastewater for the growth of plants
(Parvin
et al. 2015)
.
Hossain et al. (2015)
used untreated industrial
effluent as irrigation water for rice production, and the
accumulation of heavy metals into rice plants with
subsequent reduction of plant growth/yield parameters was
confirmed. Another scientist applied filtered municipal
wastewater for the irrigation of red amaranth to assess the
feasibility of its use for agricultural purposes
(Biswas et al.
2015)
.
However, another new problem was created, that is, along
with wastewater there is another vital portion of waste, i.e. (...truncated)