Sensory-motor training targeting motor dysfunction and muscle weakness in long-term care elderly combined with motivational strategies: a single blind randomized controlled study

European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, May 2016

Background This study evaluated the effects of a combined innovative training regime consisting of stochastic resonance whole-body vibration (SR-WBV) and a dance video game (DVG) on physical performance and muscle strength in long-term-care dwelling elderly. Methods Thirthy long-term-care elderly were randomly allocated to an intervention group (IG; n = 16) receiving combined SR-WBV training and DVG, or a sham group (SG; n = 14). IG performed five sets one minute of SR-WBV, with one minute rest between sets (base frequency 3 Hz up to 6 Hz, Noise 4) during the first five weeks on three days per week. From week five to eight a DVG was added to SR-WBV for IG on three days per week. SG performed a five-set SR-WBV program (1 Hz, Noise 1) lasting five times one minute, with one minute rest in between, three days a week. From week five to eight stepping exercises on a trampoline were added on three days per week. Primary outcome: Short physical performance battery (SPPB). Secondary outcome: isometric maximal voluntary contraction (IMVC), and sub phases of IMVC (Fsub), isometric rate of force development (IRFD) and sub time phases of IRFD (IRFDsub) were measured at baseline, after four and eight weeks. ANOVA with repeated measures was used for analyses of time and interaction effects and MANOVA determined between group intervention effects. Results Between group effects revealed significant effects on the SPPB primary outcome after four weeks F(1, 27) = 6.17; p = 0.02) and after eight weeks F(1,27) = 11.8; p = 0.002). Secondary muscle function related outcome showed significant between group effects in IG on IRFD, Fsub 30 ms, 100 ms, 200 ms and IRFDsub 0-30 ms, 0-50 ms, 0-100 ms and 100-200 ms compared to SG (all p < 0.05). Conclusions Eight weeks SR-WBV and DVG intervention improved lower extremity physical function and muscle strength compared to a sham intervention in long-term-care elderly. SR-WBV and DVG seems to be effective as a training regime for skilling up in long-term-care elderly.

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Sensory-motor training targeting motor dysfunction and muscle weakness in long-term care elderly combined with motivational strategies: a single blind randomized controlled study

Rogan et al. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity Sensory-motor training targeting motor dysfunction and muscle weakness in long-term care elderly combined with motivational strategies: a single blind randomized controlled study Slavko Rogan 0 3 Lorenz Radlinger 3 Heiner Baur 3 Dietmar Schmidtbleicher 2 Rob A. de Bie 0 1 Eling D. de Bruin 0 1 4 0 Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care , Maastricht , The Netherlands 1 Centre for Evidence Based Physiotherapy, Maastricht University , PO Box 6166200, MD, Maastricht , The Netherlands 2 Department of Sport Science, Wolfgang-Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany 3 Discipline Physiotherapy , Health , Bern University of Applied Sciences , Bern , Switzerland 4 Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich , Switzerland Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 27, HIT J 31.2, CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland Background: This study evaluated the effects of a combined innovative training regime consisting of stochastic resonance whole-body vibration (SR-WBV) and a dance video game (DVG) on physical performance and muscle strength in long-term-care dwelling elderly. Methods: Thirthy long-term-care elderly were randomly allocated to an intervention group (IG; n = 16) receiving combined SR-WBV training and DVG, or a sham group (SG; n = 14). IG performed five sets one minute of SR-WBV, with one minute rest between sets (base frequency 3 Hz up to 6 Hz, Noise 4) during the first five weeks on three days per week. From week five to eight a DVG was added to SR-WBV for IG on three days per week. SG performed a five-set SR-WBV program (1 Hz, Noise 1) lasting five times one minute, with one minute rest in between, three days a week. From week five to eight stepping exercises on a trampoline were added on three days per week. Primary outcome: Short physical performance battery (SPPB). Secondary outcome: isometric maximal voluntary contraction (IMVC), and sub phases of IMVC (Fsub), isometric rate of force development (IRFD) and sub time phases of IRFD (IRFDsub) were measured at baseline, after four and eight weeks. ANOVA with repeated measures was used for analyses of time and interaction effects and MANOVA determined between group intervention effects. Results: Between group effects revealed significant effects on the SPPB primary outcome after four weeks F(1, 27) = 6.17; p = 0.02) and after eight weeks F(1,27) = 11.8; p = 0.002). Secondary muscle function related outcome showed significant between group effects in IG on IRFD, Fsub 30 ms, 100 ms, 200 ms and IRFDsub 0-30 ms, 0-50 ms, 0-100 ms and 100-200 ms compared to SG (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: Eight weeks SR-WBV and DVG intervention improved lower extremity physical function and muscle strength compared to a sham intervention in long-term-care elderly. SR-WBV and DVG seems to be effective as a training regime for skilling up in long-term-care elderly. Sensory-motor training; Motor dysfunction; Muscle weakness; Long-term care; Motivational strategies - Background ‘The competence of an individual to have the physiological capacity to perform normal everyday activities safely and independently without undue fatigue’ [ 1 ] signifies the functional abilities of an individual. Disability, defined as difficulty or dependency in the execution of the activities of daily living, is associated with increased healthcare utilization and related costs [ 2 ]. Disability in frail older people is considered a public health problem [ 3 ] in which prevention has to be considered a priority for research and clinical practice [ 4 ]. Physical activity (PA) for the elderly is one of the major elements for general health prevention [ 5 ]; therefore inactive or sedentary elderly should increase their PA [ 6 ]. Despite the known benefits of PA, residents living in long-term care (LTC) are relatively sedentary [ 7, 8 ]. The loss of muscle mass and strength with age, coined sarcopenia, is recognized as a major cause of disability and morbidity in the elderly [ 9 ]. Sarcopenia describes the progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass and function (strength or performance) with advancing age [ 10 ]. However, recent studies demonstrated that muscle atrophy is a relatively small contributor to the loss of muscle strength [ 11–13 ]. Changes in neurologic function and/or the intrinsic force-generating properties of skeletal muscle are recently proposed to be responsible for muscle weakness and motor dysfunction in the elderly [ 11, 14–18 ]. Dynapenia has been used to coin this ageassociated loss of muscle strength and power with its significant clinical consequences; e.g., the increased risk for functional limitations, disability, and mortality. Dynapenia encompasses broader aspects of skeletal muscle performance, and so includes strength (i.e., maximal voluntary force) and/or mechanical power (a product of force - (...truncated)


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Slavko Rogan, Lorenz Radlinger, Heiner Baur, Dietmar Schmidtbleicher, Rob A. de Bie, Eling D. de Bruin. Sensory-motor training targeting motor dysfunction and muscle weakness in long-term care elderly combined with motivational strategies: a single blind randomized controlled study, European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 2016, pp. 4, Volume 13, Issue 1, DOI: 10.1186/s11556-016-0164-0