Baryon as impurity for phase transition in string landscape

Journal of High Energy Physics, Jun 2016

Abstract We consider a decay of a false vacuum in flux compactifications of type IIB string theory and study a catalytic effect for a phase transition induced by a new type of impurities. We concentrate on the large N dual of a D5-brane/anti-D5-brane system which has a rich vacuum structure. We show that D3-branes wrapping the 3-cycles can form a baryon bound state with a monopole. We find that these baryon-like objects can make the lifetime of the metastable vacuum shorter.

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Baryon as impurity for phase transition in string landscape

Accepted: May Baryon as impurity for phase transition in string Aya Kasai 0 3 Yuichiro Nakai 0 1 Yutaka Ookouchi 0 2 3 Superstring Vacua 0 Cambridge , MA 02138 , U.S.A 1 Department of Physics, Harvard University 2 Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University 3 Department of Physics, Kyushu University We consider a decay of a false vacuum in ux compacti cations of type IIB string theory and study a catalytic e ect for a phase transition induced by a new type of impurities. We concentrate on the large N dual of a D5-brane/anti-D5-brane system which has a rich vacuum structure. We show that D3-branes wrapping the 3-cycles can form a baryon bound state with a monopole. We nd that these baryon-like objects can make the lifetime of the metastable vacuum shorter. Brane Dynamics in Gauge Theories; D-branes; Flux compacti cations 1 Introduction 2 The brane/anti-brane system at large N Review of geometrically induced metastable vacua Phase transitions 2.2.1 2.2.2 Transitions between the N con ning vacua Transitions reducing the RR Baryon/monopole bound states The catalytic e ects Metastability of the vacuum with impurity The decay rate Conclusions and discussions 3 4 5 1 2.1 2.2 4.1 4.2 Introduction Catalytic e ects for phase transitions are ubiquitous in nature. The evolution of the universe (or multiverse) may be a ected by their existence in that the catalysts accelerate transitions between vacua. In fact, it has been discussed in eld theories that a semi-classical vacuum decay occurs from monopoles or cosmic strings [1{4] and applied to phenomenological studies of metastable vacua [5{11]. Moreover, recent developments of string theory compacti cations suggest the existence of the landscape of vacua [12{15]. Inspired by this idea, non-supersymmetric vacua have been constructed in type IIB string theory, for example see [15{22] (for a review, see [23]). Also in type IIA string theory, non-supersymmetric vacua, which are related to metastable vacua in supersymmetric QCD [24], were realized in the context of brane con gurations [25{28]. If the landscape really exists, it is necessary to elucidate how e ectively phase transitions proceed in order to uncover the cosmic history. As emphasized in [29, 30], catalytic e ects in string theory may play an important role in this investigation. It was discussed in ref. [29] that stringy monopoles can accelerate a decay of a non-supersymmetric vacuum, whose geometry is constructed from D5-branes and anti-D5-branes wrapping homologous and minimal sized 2-spheres inside a Calabi-Yau manifold [20]. The magnetic monopoles are realized by D3-branes wrapping a 3-chain between D5/anti-D5-branes. In the decay process, the D3-branes form a bound state with a domain wall D5-brane wrapping the 3-chain. It was shown that the stability of the false vacuum depends on the strength of the magnetic ux induced by the dissolving D3-branes. Thus, it would be important to study the catalytic e ect in ux compacti cations to extract a lesson for the string landscape. { 1 { The large N dual picture of this D5-brane/anti-D5-brane system is given by geometric transition which replaces the wrapped 2-spheres with nite sized 3-spheres where Ramond Ramond (RR) uxes are turned on [17, 20, 31]. Ref. [32] further analyzed the phase structure of this system. In addition to classi cation of the vacua in terms of the number of the ux lines through the 3-spheres, there are many metastable states with the same number of the ux lines, which can be interpreted as N con ning vacua present in the N = 1 SU(N ) pure Yang-Mills theory in the limit where branes and anit-branes are in nitely separated. These N vacua are degenerate at the leading order in SUSY breaking but higher order corrections, calculated by an auxiliary matrix model [35{37], lift this degeneracy. Then, transitions between the vacua proceed by wrapping D5-branes over the 3-cycles in the manifold like brane/ ux annihilation [18] (See also refs. [38{42]).1 As in the case of the open string picture, a D5-brane wrapping a compact 3-cycle connecting the 3-spheres is a domain wall solution for a vacuum decay reducing the number of the RR ux lines. Furthermore, D5-branes wrapping the 3-spheres at tips of the conifold points are domain walls separating the multiple con ning vacua. In this paper, we consider the large N dual picture of the D5-brane/anti-D5-brane system and study a catalytic e ect for a transition between the vacua from a new type of impurities, a baryon bound state with a monopole. The existence of a baryon vertex was rstly proposed by ref. [44] in the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence [45]. While a stringy monopole is realized by wrapping a D3-brane over a compact 3-cycle as discussed in ref. [29], the presence of background RR uxes in a 3-sphere induces the charge of a gauge eld on a wrapped D3-brane world-volume. Since the total charge of a gauge eld has to vanish in a closed cycle, the D3-brane is attached by fun (...truncated)


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Aya Kasai, Yuichiro Nakai, Yutaka Ookouchi. Baryon as impurity for phase transition in string landscape, Journal of High Energy Physics, 2016, pp. 29, Volume 2016, Issue 6, DOI: 10.1007/JHEP06(2016)029