Evaluation and analysis of an enhanced hybrid wireless mesh protocol for vehicular ad hoc network

EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, Jul 2016

This paper presents a new clustering mechanism for the multi-hop relay in vehicular communication. In the proposed mechanism, the cluster-head selection is implemented using the enhanced hybrid wireless mesh protocol (E-HWMP) protocol, which is based on the IEEE802.11p and IEEE802.11s standards. Then, multi-hop routing is designed for VANET in Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs). Therefore, the main aim of this study is to enhance the integration of VANET with a cellular network (i.e., LTE). As a result, the coverage can be extended. The proposed E-HWMP mechanism is evaluated by the NS2 simulator, and the VanetMobiSim is used as a mobility generator. The proposed E-HWMP mechanism is compared to the existing mechanism based on the packet’s delivery ratio, packet loss, throughput, overhead, and average end-to-end delay. The results demonstrate that the proposed E-HWMP mechanism outperforms the existing clustering mechanism.

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Evaluation and analysis of an enhanced hybrid wireless mesh protocol for vehicular ad hoc network

Eltahir et al. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking Evaluation and analysis of an enhanced hybrid wireless mesh protocol for vehicular ad hoc network Amal A. Eltahir 0 Rashid A. Saeed 0 Amitava Mukherjee 2 Mohammad Kamrul Hasan 1 0 Electronics Engineering School, Sudan University of Science and Technology (SUST) , Khartoum , Sudan 1 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) , 53100 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia 2 IBM India Private Limited , Kolkata , India This paper presents a new clustering mechanism for the multi-hop relay in vehicular communication. In the proposed mechanism, the cluster-head selection is implemented using the enhanced hybrid wireless mesh protocol (E-HWMP) protocol, which is based on the IEEE802.11p and IEEE802.11s standards. Then, multi-hop routing is designed for VANET in Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs). Therefore, the main aim of this study is to enhance the integration of VANET with a cellular network (i.e., LTE). As a result, the coverage can be extended. The proposed E-HWMP mechanism is evaluated by the NS2 simulator, and the VanetMobiSim is used as a mobility generator. The proposed E-HWMP mechanism is compared to the existing mechanism based on the packet's delivery ratio, packet loss, throughput, overhead, and average end-to-end delay. The results demonstrate that the proposed E-HWMP mechanism outperforms the existing clustering mechanism. Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET); HWMP; Gateway selection; LTE; NS-2; 35 1 Introduction Recently, vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) has attracted the attention of academia as well as industries due to its promising applications. VANET is categorized based on vehicles’ locations and their speeds and is classified into two major categories namely, Vehicle-toVehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication [ 1 ]. VANET is a dynamic network topology which consists of high-speed vehicles that moves in a specific direction. There are many services (e.g., driver aid, collision alarm, traffic information, and tracking) provided by VANET in order to improve road safety and transportation efficiency [ 2 ]. There are many obstacles faced by the vehicles’ network such as frequency interruption of network connectivity and limited coverage area. As a result, to meet the road-side safety, transportation communication efficiency, and the demands for the various entertainment applications for vehicles, the selection of the appropriate protocol is strongly recommended. Our paper addresses the above identified issues by the following key contributions: 1) Design a new clustering mechanism for the multihop relay in vehicular communication. 2) The use of E-HWMP protocol to implement the proposed mechanism. 3) Enhanced vehicular network formulation with reducing signalling and overhead traffic. 4) Evaluate the proposed scheme under multi-metrics design parameters for overall throughput. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section 2 highlights the related works. The proposed mechanism is designed and discussed in Section 3. Section 4 evaluates the performance of the proposed mechanism. The paper is concluded in Section 5. 2 Related works Gateway vehicle selection and management is the prominent issue in the mechanism of multi-hop relay based on the Integrated VANET-cellular networks Heterogeneous Wireless Network. This is due to the nonsimilarity characteristics in vehicles, which lead to inability of the gateway to access. To solve this problem, one of the proposed solutions is to assemble them in groups (clusters) based on vehicles with similar characteristics and elect a cluster head (CH) for each group (cluster), which becomes the gateway node. Vehicle clustering is promising to resolve this issue, where cluster-head selection depends only on the geographical location of vehicles. In consequence, the cluster head of the cluster does not have the basic standards to manage the VANET groups, so that it enables them to connect with the cellular network. The proposed mechanism stated in [ 3 ], Simplified Gateway Selection Scheme (SGSS), enabled vehicles to connect to the Internet and other mobile services continuously; it described two types of vehicles: vehicles within the coverage area had a dual interface and communicated directly to the UMTS base station transceiver. UTRAN and vehicles that move along the road looking for an associate to be used to connect to the UMTS base station transceiver had a single interface. Vehicles received different signals from the base station transceiver. This mechanism showed lower reliability in terms of availability. In addition, the researcher did not take into account the propagation delay between the relay request message and the relay response message. A Cluster-based Multi-metric, adaptive mobile Gateway Management mechanism (CMGM) was presented, where two kinds of vehicles were described [ 4 ], namely, vehic (...truncated)


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Amal A. Eltahir, Rashid A. Saeed, Amitava Mukherjee, Mohammad Kamrul Hasan. Evaluation and analysis of an enhanced hybrid wireless mesh protocol for vehicular ad hoc network, EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2016, pp. 169, Volume 2016, Issue 1, DOI: 10.1186/s13638-016-0666-5