Effects of dietary postbiotic and inulin on growth performance, IGF1 and GHR mRNA expression, faecal microbiota and volatile fatty acids in broilers

BMC Veterinary Research, Aug 2016

Background Postbiotics (metabolic products by lactic acid bacteria) and prebiotics have been established as substitute to antibiotics in order to enhance immunity and growth performance in broiler chickens. Nonetheless, insufficient information is available on the effects of postbiotics and prebiotics combination on growth performance, faecal microbiota, pH and volatile fatty acids (VFA), as well as liver insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and growth hormone receptor (GHR) mRNA expressions in broiler chickens. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of different types of postbiotics with different levels of prebiotic (inulin) on broiler for those parameters. Results The results showed that birds fed T3: (0.3 % RI11 + 0.8 % Inulin), T4: (0.3 % RI11 + 1.0 % Inulin), and T6: (0.3 % RG14+ 1.0 % Inulin) had higher (p < 0.05) final body weight (BW) and total weight gain (WG) than other treatments. Birds fed T3 had lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) which was significantly different from those fed with negative control diet but was similar to other treatments. Postbiotic and inulin increased (p < 0.05) faecal lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and reduced (p < 0.05) Enterobacteriaceae count. Birds fed T4 and T6 had higher faecal acetic acid and propionic acid respectively, and both had higher total VFA and lactic acid bacteria but lower pH and Enterobacteriaceae (ENT) counts compared to other treatments. The liver of birds fed T4 and T6 had higher IGF1 expression compared to other treatments while T6 had higher GHR mRNA expression compared to other treatments. Conclusions Results indicate that the addition of postbiotics and inulin combinations had beneficial effects on total BW, feed efficiency, mucosa architecture and IGF1 and GHR mRNA expression in broiler chickens.

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Effects of dietary postbiotic and inulin on growth performance, IGF1 and GHR mRNA expression, faecal microbiota and volatile fatty acids in broilers

Kareem et al. BMC Veterinary Research Effects of dietary postbiotic and inulin on growth performance, IGF1 and GHR mRNA expression, faecal microbiota and volatile fatty acids in broilers Karwan Yaseen Kareem 1 3 Teck Chwen Loh 1 2 Hooi Ling Foo 0 4 Henny Akit 1 Anjas Asmara Samsudin 1 0 Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor , Malaysia 1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture , Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor , Malaysia 2 Institute of Tropical Agriculture , Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor , Malaysia 3 Department of Animal Resource, University of salah al-Din , Erbil , Iraq 4 Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor , Malaysia Background: Postbiotics (metabolic products by lactic acid bacteria) and prebiotics have been established as substitute to antibiotics in order to enhance immunity and growth performance in broiler chickens. Nonetheless, insufficient information is available on the effects of postbiotics and prebiotics combination on growth performance, faecal microbiota, pH and volatile fatty acids (VFA), as well as liver insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and growth hormone receptor (GHR) mRNA expressions in broiler chickens. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of different types of postbiotics with different levels of prebiotic (inulin) on broiler for those parameters. Results: The results showed that birds fed T3: (0.3 % RI11 + 0.8 % Inulin), T4: (0.3 % RI11 + 1.0 % Inulin), and T6: (0.3 % RG14+ 1.0 % Inulin) had higher (p < 0.05) final body weight (BW) and total weight gain (WG) than other treatments. Birds fed T3 had lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) which was significantly different from those fed with negative control diet but was similar to other treatments. Postbiotic and inulin increased (p < 0.05) faecal lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and reduced (p < 0.05) Enterobacteriaceae count. Birds fed T4 and T6 had higher faecal acetic acid and propionic acid respectively, and both had higher total VFA and lactic acid bacteria but lower pH and Enterobacteriaceae (ENT) counts compared to other treatments. The liver of birds fed T4 and T6 had higher IGF1 expression compared to other treatments while T6 had higher GHR mRNA expression compared to other treatments. Conclusions: Results indicate that the addition of postbiotics and inulin combinations had beneficial effects on total BW, feed efficiency, mucosa architecture and IGF1 and GHR mRNA expression in broiler chickens. Broilers; Inulin; Prebiotic; Postbiotic; Intestinal microbiota; IGF1; GHR; Volatile fatty acid Background Intestinal microbiota play a vital role in the nutritional, physiological, immunological, and protective functions of the host [ 1 ] and their composition and activities can be influenced by diet [ 2 ]. The efficacy of feeding subtherapeutic levels of antibiotics to modulate gut microbiota to enhance production performance of livestock has been espoused [ 3 ]. Unfortunately, the usage of antibiotics as feed additives for long periods in poultry diets can lead to antibiotic resistance [ 4 ] and high residue levels in poultry products such as meat and egg [ 5, 6 ]. Antimicrobial resistance encoding genes may represent risk to both human and animal health if it is transferred to other formerly susceptible bacteria [7]. Since the quest for safer and healthier chicken meat has remarkably increased in recent time, the use of natural feed additives can produce antibiotic-free chicken and can also prevent foodborne diseases [ 8 ]. In recent years, several feed additives such as prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotics, postbiotics and the combination of postbiotics and prebiotics have been used as growth promoters to replace antibiotics [ 9–12 ]. The mode of action of these additives differs. Probiotics colonize the host digestive system, increase the natural microbiota and prevent the colonization of pathogenic organisms [10]. Despite their beneficial effects, most probiotics especially the plasmids probiotics have antibiotic resistance genes which can be transferred between organisms [ 13 ]. As a consequence, probiotic as a live bacteria might not be used anymore in the near future. As a substitute to probiotics, metabolite products synthesized from probiotic known as postbiotics could be used. It is believed that postbiotics have the probiotic effects without living cells [ 14–16 ]. Prebiotics are nonliving fibrous feed additives which when added to feed are preferred by harmful microbes. Prebiotics control the growth of pathogens (i.e. Escherichia coli and Salmonella) and stimulate the growth of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli and consequently promoting the health and performance of animals [ 17, 18 ]. A typical example of prebiotics is inulin. Postbiotics and inulin combination inhibited re (...truncated)


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Karwan Kareem, Teck Loh, Hooi Foo, Henny Akit, Anjas Asmara Samsudin. Effects of dietary postbiotic and inulin on growth performance, IGF1 and GHR mRNA expression, faecal microbiota and volatile fatty acids in broilers, BMC Veterinary Research, 2016, pp. 163, 12, DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0790-9