Optimal control and management of a large-scale battery energy storage system to mitigate fluctuation and intermittence of renewable generations

Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, Oct 2016

Battery energy storage system (BESS) is one of the effective technologies to deal with power fluctuation and intermittence resulting from grid integration of large renewable generations. In this paper, the system configuration of a China’s national renewable generation demonstration project combining a large-scale BESS with wind farm and photovoltaic (PV) power station, all coupled to a power transmission system, is introduced, and the key technologies including optimal control and management as well as operational status of this BESS are presented. Additionally, the technical benefits of such a large-scale BESS in dealing with power fluctuation and intermittence issues resulting from grid connection of large-scale renewable generation, and for improvement of operation characteristics of transmission grid, are discussed with relevant case studies.

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Optimal control and management of a large-scale battery energy storage system to mitigate fluctuation and intermittence of renewable generations

Optimal control and management of a large-scale battery energy storage system to mitigate fluctuation and intermittence of renewable generations Xiangjun LI 0 Liangzhong YAO 0 Dong HUI 0 0 State Key Laboratory of Control and Operation of Renewable Energy and Storage Systems, China Electric Power Research Institute , Beijing 100192 , China Battery energy storage system (BESS) is one of the effective technologies to deal with power fluctuation and intermittence resulting from grid integration of large renewable generations. In this paper, the system configuration of a China's national renewable generation demonstration project combining a large-scale BESS with wind farm and photovoltaic (PV) power station, all coupled to a power transmission system, is introduced, and the key technologies including optimal control and management as well as operational status of this BESS are presented. Additionally, the technical benefits of such a large-scale BESS in dealing with power fluctuation and intermittence issues resulting from grid connection of large-scale renewable generation, and for improvement of operation characteristics of transmission grid, are discussed with relevant case studies. Battery energy storage systems; Renewable generations; Power fluctuation; Battery energy management system; Power control 1 Introduction Renewable energy power generation has become an important part for China’s power supply. By June 2016, the grid’s wind-power capacity had been 124 GW and the photovoltaic (PV) capacity had been 61 GW. The rapid development and implementation of renewable power generation pose great challenges to the operation, control, and security of the Chinese power grid. Large-scale battery energy storage system (BESS) can effectively compensate the power fluctuations resulting from the grid connections of wind and PV generations which are random and intermittent in nature, and improve the grid friendliness for wind and PV generation grid integration. Large-scale BESS can participate in the operation as either the power supply or the load when needed. Unlike traditional power generation systems, BESS can act as a rapid-response active and reactive power injection or absorption device [1–8]. The BESS can be used to smooth the power fluctuations of PV or wind power stations [9–12]. Based on the existing researches and implementations of large-scale BESS worldwide, countries such as the United States, Germany and Japan, have carried out more than 200 demonstration projects. For example, redox flow and sodium sulfur battery is one of the cutting edge technologies for renewable energy power generation applications in Japan [13–15]. There are also more applications of lithium-ion BESS in the United States, such as in the fields of renewable energy generations, distributed generations, micro grids, etc. The American Xtreme Power, Duke Energy, Altairnano, and AES Energy storage companies, for example, have conducted researches on energy storage technologies [16–18]. At present, existing applications of large-scale lithium, sodium-sulfur or redox flow battery have reached to tens of megawatts (MW) in power rating. However, they are generally used only for wind energy storage or solar energy storage respectively. Although the MW power level of BESS is generally high, the MWh capacity level is relatively low. For example, the BESS of Japan Hokkaido wind farm incorporates a vanadium redox flow BESS with the power capacity 4 MW/6 MWh and is mainly for smoothing the wind power output fluctuations [18–20]. The Japan Aomori Six Village energy storage power station utilizes a sodium sulfur BESS with the power capacity 34 MW, mainly for smoothing the wind power fluctuations [18, 21]. The Texas wind farm storage power station uses an advanced lead-acid battery (36 MW/ 9 MWh), principally for frequency regulation, energy transfer and peak load shaving [18, 22]. The West Virginia Elkins wind farm energy storage power station incorporates a lithium-ion battery (32 MW/8 MWh) which is for frequency regulation and output climbing control [18, 23]. In China, there are a number of large-scale BESS demonstration projects currently underway. For example, in Zhangbei, a large-scale BESS, which includes a 14 MW/63 MWh lithium-ion BESS and a 2 MW/8 MWh vanadium redox flow BESS, has been put into operation (flow BESS is still in the site commissioning stage). It is part of a national wind, PV, storage and transmission demonstration project. The purpose of this project is to smooth the wind and PV power fluctuations and trace the scheduled power outputs to grid. Further, Guodian Longyuan Woniushi wind farm energy storage power station, using total vanadium flow batteries (5 MW/10 MWh), is adopted mainly to resolve wind-curtailment and brownout issues arising at the Woniushi wind farm. The BESS of Southern Power Grid Shenzhen Baoqing adopted the lithiumion battery (planned capacity is 10 MW and completed capacity is 4 MW/16 MWh) to (...truncated)


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Xiangjun LI, Liangzhong YAO, Dong HUI. Optimal control and management of a large-scale battery energy storage system to mitigate fluctuation and intermittence of renewable generations, Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 2016, pp. 593-603, Volume 4, Issue 4, DOI: 10.1007/s40565-016-0247-y