The utility of biomarkers in traumatic brain injury clinical management
Rodríguez-Rodríguez and Egea-Guerrero Critical Care
The utility of biomarkers in traumatic brain injury clinical management
Ana Rodríguez-Rodríguez 1 3 4
Juan José Egea-Guerrero 0 1 2 4
0 NeuroCritical Care Unit, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, IBIS/CSIC/ University of Seville , Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville , Spain
1 Authors' response Eric Peter Thelin , Emma Jeppsson, Bo-Michael Bellander and David W. Nelson
2 NeuroCritical Care Unit, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, IBIS/CSIC/University of Seville , Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville , Spain
3 Emergency Department, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, IBIS/CSIC/ University of Seville , Seville , Spain
4 Authors' information ARR: Emergency Department, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, IBIS/CSIC/ University of Seville, Spain. JJEG: NeuroCritical Care Unit, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, IBIS/CSIC/University of Seville , Seville, Spain. Eric Peter Thelin, MD , PhD. Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden. Emma Jeppsson, MD , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden. Bo-Michael Bellander, MD , PhD. Department of Clinical Neurosci- ence, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden. David W Nelson, MD , PhD. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care , Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm , Sweden
We read the article by Thelin et al. entitled “Utility of neuron-specific enolase in traumatic brain injury; relations to S100B levels, outcome, and extracranial injury severity” [1] with great interest. The authors conclude that while S100B and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) are both biomarkers for long-term outcome, S100B is a more accurate predictor. These findings concur with the results of a previous study by our research group [2], which showed that serum S100B levels in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients had a higher prognostic capacity to predict mortality than NSE. Similarly, most studies examining the role of diverse biomarkers in TBI pathology have identified S100B as the most promising, with the highest prognostic ability to predict short/long-term mortality [3, 4]. In recent years, researchers have searched for the ideal diagnostic biomarker that could guide TBI treatment in both primary and secondary phases. In TBI, the primary injury is caused by biomechanical damage and the secondary insult is the result of biochemical cascades triggered by damaged neurons, glial cells, and blood vessels. The early rise in biomarkers of secondary injuries could help physicians prevent, or at least reduce, the extent of this potential damage. Dear Drs. Rodríguez-Rodríguez and Egea-Guerrero We appreciate that you took the time to read our recently published article in Critical Care [1]. We agree with the authors concerning the findings in their recent publication “S100B and neuron-specific enolase as mortality predictors in patients with severe
-
Currently, TBI management is guided by clinical
histories and neuroimaging techniques. While these
techniques may be advanced, they are more costly than
serum analysis, involve exposure to ionizing radiations,
and have certain limitations when assessing brain
damage severity. The ideal biomarker would stratify patients
based on their severity, identifying patients with poorer
prognosis and greater need for treatment before the
patient’s condition worsens. In terms of the nature of the
sample, the ideal biomarker could be detected in serum
or urine (a waste fluid) in order to avoid cerebrospinal
fluid extraction, as reflected in our findings on the role
of urine S100B levels as an early predictor of mortality
after severe TBI [5]. Yet, the variability of potential
inclusion criteria in clinical analysis, and particularly
in clinical trials, hinders the standardization of
biomarker utility. Studies with such promising results,
like that of Thelin et al. [1], encourage researchers to
continue investigating TBI pathophysiology, to find
the perfect biomarker for TBI assessment, or at least
a set of biomarkers that together can reflect the diverse
injury characteristics of TBI.
traumatic brain injury” [2], which unfortunately was not
available to us when we prepared our manuscript. In
addition to mortality, we looked at the different stages of
the Glasgow Outcome Score and noted similar results
where higher serum levels of both S100B and NSE
correspond to a more unfavourable outcome.
However, we would also like to stress that further
monitoring (after 72 h) of unconscious TBI patients is of
value, which we showed in a cohort of n = 250 patients
in whom secondary increases of S100B were correlated
© The Author(s). 2016 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the or (...truncated)