Different clinical significance of FGFR1–4 expression between diffuse-type and intestinal-type gastric cancer

World Journal of Surgical Oncology, Jan 2017

Background Receptor tyrosine kinases promote tumor progression in many cancers, although oncologic activation differs between diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC) and intestinal-type gastric cancer (IGC). Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) is one RTK, and we previously reported the clinical significance of FGFR1, 2, 3, and 4 in gastric cancer. The aim of the present study was to reevaluate the clinical significance of FGFR1–4 expression separately in DGC and IGC. Methods Tumor samples, including 109 DGCs and 100 IGCs, were obtained from patients who underwent gastrectomy between 2003 and 2007 in our institution. The expression levels of FGFR1, 2, 3, and 4 were measured in the tumors by immunohistochemical analysis. Results In DGC, high expression of FGFR1, FGFR2, or FGFR4 was significantly associated with the depth of invasion, lymph-node metastasis, pathological stage, and distant metastasis or recurrent disease. Patients with high expression of FGFR1, FGFR2, or FGFR4 had significantly poorer disease-specific survival (DSS) (p = 0.009, p = 0.001, and p = 0.023, respectively). In IGC, only FGFR4 expression was significantly associated with factors relative to tumor progression and with shorter DSS (p = 0.012). Conclusion In conclusion, high FGFR4 expression correlated with tumor progression and survival in both DGC and IGC, whereas high expression of FGFR1 and 2 correlated with tumor progression and survival in only DGC.

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Different clinical significance of FGFR1–4 expression between diffuse-type and intestinal-type gastric cancer

Inokuchi et al. World Journal of Surgical Oncology Different clinical significance of FGFR1-4 expression between diffuse-type and intestinal-type gastric cancer Mikito Inokuchi 0 Hideaki Murase 0 Sho Otsuki 0 Tatsuyuki Kawano 0 Kazuyuki Kojima 1 0 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8519 , Japan 1 Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8519 , Japan Background: Receptor tyrosine kinases promote tumor progression in many cancers, although oncologic activation differs between diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC) and intestinal-type gastric cancer (IGC). Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) is one RTK, and we previously reported the clinical significance of FGFR1, 2, 3, and 4 in gastric cancer. The aim of the present study was to reevaluate the clinical significance of FGFR1-4 expression separately in DGC and IGC. Methods: Tumor samples, including 109 DGCs and 100 IGCs, were obtained from patients who underwent gastrectomy between 2003 and 2007 in our institution. The expression levels of FGFR1, 2, 3, and 4 were measured in the tumors by immunohistochemical analysis. Results: In DGC, high expression of FGFR1, FGFR2, or FGFR4 was significantly associated with the depth of invasion, lymph-node metastasis, pathological stage, and distant metastasis or recurrent disease. Patients with high expression of FGFR1, FGFR2, or FGFR4 had significantly poorer disease-specific survival (DSS) (p = 0.009, p = 0.001, and p = 0.023, respectively). In IGC, only FGFR4 expression was significantly associated with factors relative to tumor progression and with shorter DSS (p = 0.012). Conclusion: In conclusion, high FGFR4 expression correlated with tumor progression and survival in both DGC and IGC, whereas high expression of FGFR1 and 2 correlated with tumor progression and survival in only DGC. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1; Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2; Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3; Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4; Gastric cancer; Immunohistochemistry - Background Gastric cancer (GC) is categorized into three types based on Lauren’s pathological classification: diffuse type, intestinal type, and mixed type [1]. Diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC) is associated with more advanced disease stage and poorer survival than intestinal-type gastric cancer (IGC) [2, 3]. It is well known that protein or gene overexpression of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) correlates with tumor progression and poor survival in GC [4, 5]. The immunohistochemical overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), one of the RTKs, was detected more frequently in IGC than in DGC [6]. Comprehensive genomic analyses performed in The Genomic Cancer Atlas (TGCA) project revealed different genomic alterations of RTKs between DGC and IGC [7]. Therefore, the impact of RTK overexpression on clinical outcomes might differ between DGC and IGC. The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family comprises one type of RTK that regulates fundamental developmental pathways by interacting with fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). FGF signaling participates in several biological functions in the adult organism, including regulation of angiogenesis and wound repair. FGFRs are expressed on a number of different cell types and regulate key cell activities, such as proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation [8]. FGFR2 gene amplification was initially found in a GC cell line originating from DGC © The Author(s). 2017 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. with the poorest prognosis [9]. Gene amplification or protein overexpression of FGFR2 has been reported in GC, leading to poor outcomes [10]. Moreover, GC cell lines presenting with FGFR2 amplification are highly sensitive to inhibition of FGFR signaling by tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies in preclinical models [11, 12]. FGFR2 has thus attracted considerable attention as a novel therapeutic candidate for the development of targeted anticancer agents [13]. We previously reported the relations of the immunohistochemical expressions of FGFR1–4 to tumor progression or poor survival in GC. However, tumors were classified into differentiated and undifferentiated types based on the World Health Organization pathological classification in the previous study and were not cl (...truncated)


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Mikito Inokuchi, Hideaki Murase, Sho Otsuki, Tatsuyuki Kawano, Kazuyuki Kojima. Different clinical significance of FGFR1–4 expression between diffuse-type and intestinal-type gastric cancer, World Journal of Surgical Oncology, 2017, pp. 2, 15, DOI: 10.1186/s12957-016-1081-4