The Effects of Supplementary Cr3 (Chromium(III) Propionate Complex) on the Mineral Status in Healthy Female Rats

Biological Trace Element Research, Mar 2017

More and more people use food supplements for various reasons, e.g. to prevent mineral deficiency and diseases (e.g. osteoporosis, diabetes, anaemia). Supplements containing Cr(III) are purchased primarily for weight loss and antidiabetic effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementary Cr3 {chromium(III) propionate complex, [Cr3O(O2CCH2CH3)6(H2O)3]NO3)} on the mineral status in female Wistar rats. The study was carried out on 30 female Wistar rats, divided into five groups (six animals in each): a control group and test groups fed Cr3 supplemented diets with 100, 200, 500 and 1000 mg Cr · kg−1 diet (equivalent to 10, 20, 50 and 100 mg Cr ·kg−1 body mass (b.m.) per day) given as Cr3 for 4 weeks. Supplementary Cr3 increased the Cr content in tissues in a dose-dependent manner. High dietary doses of Cr3, 20 and 100 mg Cr · kg−1 b.m., increased the Cu content in the liver and spleen as well as the Zn content in the kidneys but decreased the liver Ca content. Doses of 50–100 mg Cr ·kg−1 b.m. decreased the serum Fe concentration and the Fe content in the liver and kidneys. Supplementation with Cr3 at doses of 10 and 100 mg Cr ·kg−1 b.m. did not affect the Mg content in the rats’ tissues. In conclusion, high dietary doses of Cr3 (10 and 100 mg Cr· kg−1 b.m.) given for 4 weeks affected the mineral status of Fe, Zn, Cu and Ca in the tissues of healthy female Wistar rats.

A PDF file should load here. If you do not see its contents the file may be temporarily unavailable at the journal website or you do not have a PDF plug-in installed and enabled in your browser.

Alternatively, you can download the file locally and open with any standalone PDF reader:

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs12011-017-0985-3.pdf

The Effects of Supplementary Cr3 (Chromium(III) Propionate Complex) on the Mineral Status in Healthy Female Rats

The Effects of Supplementary Cr3 (Chromium(III) Propionate Complex) on the Mineral Status in Healthy Female Rats Halina Staniek 0 Zbigniew Krejpcio 0 0 Department of Human Nutrition and Hygiene, Poznań University of Life Sciences , ul. Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań , Poland More and more people use food supplements for various reasons, e.g. to prevent mineral deficiency and diseases (e.g. osteoporosis, diabetes, anaemia). Supplements containing Cr(III) are purchased primarily for weight loss and antidiabetic effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementary Cr3 {chromium(III) propionate complex, [Cr3O(O2CCH2CH3)6(H2O)3]NO3)} on the mineral status in female Wistar rats. The study was carried out on 30 female Wistar rats, divided into five groups (six animals in each): a control group and test groups fed Cr3 supplemented diets with 100, 200, 500 and 1000 mg Cr · kg−1 diet (equivalent to 10, 20, 50 and 100 mg Cr ·kg−1 body mass (b.m.) per day) given as Cr3 for 4 weeks. Supplementary Cr3 increased the Cr content in tissues in a dose-dependent manner. High dietary doses of Cr3, 20 and 100 mg Cr · kg−1 b.m., increased the Cu content in the liver and spleen as well as the Zn content in the kidneys but decreased the liver Ca content. Doses of 50100 mg Cr ·kg−1 b.m. decreased the serum Fe concentration and the Fe content in the liver and kidneys. Supplementation with Cr3 at doses of 10 and 100 mg Cr ·kg−1 b.m. did not affect the Mg content in the rats' tissues. In conclusion, high dietary doses of Cr3 (10 and 100 mg Cr· kg−1 b.m.) given for 4 weeks affected the mineral status of Fe, Zn, Cu and Ca in the tissues of healthy female Wistar rats. Chromium(III) propionate; Rats; Mineral status - In recent years, chromium has been one of the most investigated dietary minerals. Chromium is a trace mineral that has received much attention as a dietary supplement because good dietary sources of chromium are scarce and the intake is usually low. Chromium(III) deficiency may contribute to carbohydrate metabolism disorder [1]. Many trials proved the positive effect of supplementary chromium(III) on fasting plasma glucose, lipid variables, especially in diabetic subjects [2–4]. For this reason, trivalent chromium has been postulated to be necessary for insulin efficacy in regulating the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and protein [5]. A number of chromium compounds can be considered as a perspective for metabolic syndrome treatment [6]. For over 50 years, chromium has generally been believed to be an essential trace element. However, the mechanism(s) of Cr action at the molecular level for this role and its essentiality have not been substantiated. Recent research has not supported the role of chromium [7]. In 2002, the Food and Nutrition Board of the US National Academy of Science set the Adequate Intake (AI) of chromium at 25 μg ·day−1 for adult women and 35 μg ·day−1 for men [8], which was lower than the previous recommended dietary intake of 50–200 μg per day. Recently, the EFSA panel found no evidence of beneficial effects associated with chromium intake in healthy subjects and concluded that setting the AI for chromium was not appropriate [5]. In general, the oral intake of chromium has low toxicity partially due to its poor absorption (about 0.5–2.0%). However, different Cr(III) compounds have diverse rates of absorption [9]. Organic Cr(III) forms have greater bioavailability than inorganic ones. It is well known that the mineral intake at high doses has antagonistic effects on other elements [9]. Chromium is one of the best-selling mineral supplements in the USA [10]. Trivalent chromium, the form found in food and dietary supplements, is considered to be safe. Many organic chromium complexes, including chromium picolinate [Cr(Pic)3], chromium nicotinate (NCB) [11, 12], chromium histidinate (CrHis) [13, 14], chromium complex of D-phenylalanine [Cr(D-Phe)3] [15, 16], chromium propionate complex (Cr3) [4, 17–19] and chromium glycinate complex (CrGly) [19], have been synthesised and demonstrated to be biologically effective. Different coordinate ligands of these organic chromium complexes exhibited different bioactive compounds [20]. For humans, a typical Cr intake is 20–45 μg per day in the diet [21], while doses of supplements may contain 200–1000 μg Cr(III) [1, 22]. These doses correspond to d a i l y b o d y w e i g h t - a d j u s t e d d o s e s o f 0 . 2 9 – 0.64 μg Cr(III)· kg−1 body mass (in the diet) and 2.86– 14.3 μg Cr(III) ·kg−1 b.m. (in supplements) in an individual with an average weight of 70 kg [23]. Few studies have been designed to evaluate the effects of trivalent Cr supplementation on the content of Cr and other minerals in animal tissues. Chromium is distributed to various tissues of the body but appears to be most concentrated in the kidneys, liver and muscles [24]. Dietary Cr supplementation at high doses can potentially affect the mineral status due to (...truncated)


This is a preview of a remote PDF: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs12011-017-0985-3.pdf

Halina Staniek, Zbigniew Krejpcio. The Effects of Supplementary Cr3 (Chromium(III) Propionate Complex) on the Mineral Status in Healthy Female Rats, Biological Trace Element Research, 2017, pp. 1-10, DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-0985-3