EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF METHANOL EXTRACT AND ITS SOLVENT FRACTIONS OBTAINED FROM FOUR MOROCCAN MACRO ALGAE SPECIES

European Scientific Journal, May 2014

In vitro antioxidant activities of methanolic extract and its solvent fraction (petroleum ether (PE), ethyl acetate (EA), dichloromethane (DCM), butanol (BuOH) and aqueous) were obtained from four Moroccan macroalgae species: Ulva rigida, Enteromorpha intestinalis, Fucus spiralis and Bifurcaria bifurcata using DPPH scavenging activity, metal chelating activity and total phenol content. Brown algae, Bifucaria bifurcata and Fucus spiralis contained higher amounts of polyphenols than green algae, Enteromorpha intestinalis and Ulva rigida . DCM fraction of Fucus spiralis and EA fraction of Bifucaria bifurcate showed higher phenolic content (29,79 and 24,44 mg gallic acid equivalent/g DW extract respectively) when compared to other solvent fraction and total methanol extract. DPPH radical scavenging activity of algae species extract tested showed lower activity than that of a standard compounds: ascorbic acid (EC 50 = 0,11 mg /ml) and α tocopherol (EC 50 = 0,215 mg /ml). Aqueous fraction of Enteromorpha intestinalis exhibited the most effective scavenging ability on DPPH radical (68,70%) than other fraction at the concentration of 3 mg/ml followed by aqueous and EA fraction of Fucus spiralis (49,50% and 50% respectively). The antioxidant activity of seaweed extracts increased in concentration-in a dependent manner. In accordance with DPPH results, potent chelation abilities were again detected in methanolic extract and its solvent fraction. All solvent and aqueous fraction of Ulva rigida and Fucus spiralis exhibited equivalent chelating effects as compared to EDTA-Na2 standard compound (IC50 was lower than 0,05mg/ml). The other fractions of Bifucaria bifurcata and Enteromorpha intestinalis showed less potent chelating effect as compared to other seaweeds (IC50 was high than 0,4mg/ml). However, there was no direct relationship between antioxidant activity and the phenolic content, suggesting that polyphenol play a minor role in the metal chelating ability and other compounds such as polysaccharides, protein, organic acid which can contribute to the overall antioxidant activities.

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EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF METHANOL EXTRACT AND ITS SOLVENT FRACTIONS OBTAINED FROM FOUR MOROCCAN MACRO ALGAE SPECIES

European Scientific Journal May 2014 edition vol.10 EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF METHANOL EXTRACT AND ITS SOLVENT FRACTIONS OBTAINED FROM FOUR MOROCCAN MACRO ALGAE SPECIES Doctor Halima Chernane 0 0 Cadi Ayyad University/ Morocco Mounir Mansori, Doctoral Candidate Salma Latique, Doctoral Candidate Prof. Mimoun El Kaoua Cadi Ayyad University /Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Valorization and Protection of Agro-Resources , Morocco In vitro antioxidant activities of methanolic extract and its solvent fraction (petroleum ether (PE), ethyl acetate (EA), dichloromethane (DCM), butanol (BuOH) and aqueous) were obtained from four Moroccan macroalgae species: Ulva rigida, Enteromorpha intestinalis, Fucus spiralis and Bifurcaria bifurcata using DPPH scavenging activity, metal chelating activity and total phenol content. Brown algae, Bifucaria bifurcata and Fucus spiralis contained higher amounts of polyphenols than green algae, Enteromorpha intestinalis and Ulva rigida . DCM fraction of Fucus spiralis and EA fraction of Bifucaria bifurcate showed higher phenolic content (29,79 and 24,44 mg gallic acid equivalent/g DW extract respectively) when compared to other solvent fraction and total methanol extract. DPPH radical scavenging activity of algae species extract tested showed lower activity than that of a standard compounds: ascorbic acid (EC 50 = 0,11 mg /ml) and α tocopherol (EC 50 = 0,215 mg /ml). Aqueous fraction of Enteromorpha intestinalis exhibited the most effective scavenging ability on DPPH radical (68,70%) than other fraction at the concentration of 3 mg/ml followed by aqueous and EA fraction of Fucus spiralis (49,50% and 50% respectively). The antioxidant activity of seaweed extracts increased in concentration-in a dependent manner. In accordance with DPPH results, potent chelation abilities were again detected in methanolic extract and its solvent fraction. All solvent and aqueous fraction of Ulva rigida and Fucus spiralis exhibited equivalent chelating effects as compared to EDTA-Na2 standard compound (IC50 was lower than 0,05mg/ml). The other fractions of Bifucaria bifurcata - and Enteromorpha intestinalis showed less potent chelating effect as compared to other seaweeds (IC50 was high than 0,4mg/ml). However, there was no direct relationship between antioxidant activity and the phenolic content, suggesting that polyphenol play a minor role in the metal chelating ability and other compounds such as polysaccharides, protein, organic acid which can contribute to the overall antioxidant activities. Introduction Seaweed of marine macro algae are a potential renewable resource in marine environment. About 6000 species of seaweed have been identified and have been grouped into different class which includes: green (Chlorophyceae), brown (Pheophyceae) and red (Rhodophyceae) based on their pigmentation (Dawczynski et al., 2007). Algae, as photosynthetic organisms, are exposed to a combination of light and high oxygen concentration at the origin of the formation of free radicals and other oxidative reagents. But, the awareness of the lack of structural damage in their organs has led the scientific community to consider that their protection against oxidation comes from their natural content, or production under stress in antioxidant substances. Seaweed provides an excellent bioactive compounds with potential antioxidant activity such as polyphenol, carotenoids, alkaloids, terpens, and tocopherol (Ragan Glombitza, 1986; Heo et al., 2009; Hu et al., 2008). Polyphenols derived from seaweed may be more potent that analogous polyphenols derived from terrestrial plant sources due to the presence of up to eight interconnected phenol rings (Hemat, 2007). Phlorotanins, a group of phenolic compounds which are restricted to polymers of phloroglucinol have been identified from several brown algae (Koivikko et al., 2007). These compounds have been reported to possess strong antioxidant activity. In addition, polysaccharides have also been demonstrated to possess excellent antioxidant potential (Yan et al., 1999; Zhao et al., 2008). Carotenoids, the natural pigments react rapidly also with free radical and retard or decrease the extent of oxidative deterioration (Akoh and Min, 1997). Reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl, super oxide and peroxyl radicals which are formed in human tissues cells result in extensive oxidative damage that leads to age related degenerative conditions, cancer and a wide range of other human diseases (Reaven and Witzum, 1996, Aruoma 1999). Thus, the consumption of antioxidants and addition of antioxidant in food materials protect the body as well as foods against these events. Seaweed constitutes a commercially important renewable resource and can be used as fertilizers, food additives and animal feed. Any studies evaluating the antioxidant proprieties of seaweed enhance their utility value. The coastlines of Morocco are an abundant resource of seaweeds with bro (...truncated)


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Halima Chernane, Mounir Mansori, Salma Latique, Mimoun El Kaoua. EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF METHANOL EXTRACT AND ITS SOLVENT FRACTIONS OBTAINED FROM FOUR MOROCCAN MACRO ALGAE SPECIES, European Scientific Journal, 2014, Volume 10, Issue 15,