Impact of single nucleotide polymorphism on short stature and reduced tongue pressure among community-dwelling elderly Japanese participants: a cross-sectional study
Shimizu et al. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine
Impact of single nucleotide polymorphism on short stature and reduced tongue pressure among community-dwelling elderly Japanese participants: a cross- sectional study
Yuji Shimizu 0 1
Shimpei Sato 2
Yuko Noguchi 1
Jun Koyamatsu 5
Hirotomo Yamanashi 5
Miho Higashi 4
Mako Nagayoshi 1
Koichiro Kadota 1
Shin-Ya Kawashiri 1
Yasuhiro Nagata 3
Noboru Takamura 4
Takahiro Maeda 1 5
0 Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention , Osaka , Japan
1 Department of Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki-shi, Sakamoto 1-12-4, Nagasaki 852-8523 , Japan
2 Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyusyu University , Fukuoka , Japan
3 Center for Comprehensive Community Care Education, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan
4 Department of Global Health, Medicine and Welfare, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan
5 Department of Island and Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan
Background: Asian-specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) (rs3782886) is reported to be associated with myocardial infarction; sarcopenia is reported to be associated with coronary subclinical atherosclerosis. On the other hand, short stature has been revealed as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, no studies have reported on the association between sarcopenia and short stature nor on the impact of rs3782886 on this association. Methods: Since reduced maximum voluntary tongue pressure against the palate (MTP) reflects one aspect of sarcopenia, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 537 community-dwelling elderly Japanese participants aged 60-89 years who had participated in a general health checkup in 2015. Short stature was defined as values at or under the 25th percentile, and reduced MTP was defined as the lowest tertile of the study population (<158.0 cm and <26.5 kPa for men, <145.0 cm and <24.1 kPa for women). Results: Independent of classical cardiovascular risk factors, short stature was revealed to be positively associated with reduced MTP. The adjusted-odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of reduced MTP for short stature was 1.87 (1.19, 2.94). We also found that independent of known cardiovascular risk factors, with the non-minor homo of rs3782886 taken as the reference group, the adjusted OR and 95% CI for short stature and reduced MTP of the minor homo allele were 3.06 (1.23, 7.63) and 3.26 (1.33, 8.03), respectively. Conclusion: Short stature is independently associated with reduced MTP, with Asian-specific SNPs possibly playing an important role in this association.
SNPs; rs3782886; Tongue pressure; Height
Background
Asian-specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)
rs3782886 in breast cancer suppressor protein-associated
protein (BRAP) is reported to be associated with a risk of
myocardial infarction [
1
]. Another study reported that
BRAP activates inflammatory cascades and increases the
risk of carotid atherosclerosis [
2
]. Since Japanese
individuals are known to have a short stature, and short stature
may constitute an inflammatory disadvantage [
3
] and a
risk of carotid atherosclerosis [
4
], SNP rs3782886 may
therefore be associated with short stature.
On the other hand, sarcopenia is also reported to be
associated with coronary subclinical atherosclerosis in
the very elderly [
5
], and age-associated changes to the
immune system that induce part of the inflammatory
reaction have been suggested to contribute to sarcopenia
[
6
]. Furthermore, reduced maximum voluntary tongue
pressure against the palate (MTP) is reported to be
associated with sarcopenia [
7, 8
].
Short stature may therefore be associated with
decreased MTP by indicating possible inflammatory
disadvantage in participants with short stature [
3
].
Additionally, SNP rs3782886 might also be associated
with reduced tongue pressure as an indicator of
Asianspecific inflammatory disadvantage leading to sarcopenia
in elderly Japanese participants.
On the other hand, height is regarded as a marker of
childhood social and physical conditions [
4, 9, 10
]. Since
BMI, which is reported to be associated with increased
risk of disease [
11
], is largely influenced by current
circumstances, studies limited to participants with lower
BMI might allow elucidation of the influence of
childhood circumstances (including genetic factors) by
weakening the influence of current circumstances [
9, 12
].
To clarify these associations, we conducted a
crosssectional study of 537 community-dwelling elderly
Japanese aged 60–89 years who had participated in
general health checkup in 2015.
Methods
Study population
The total number of residents of Goto city aged 60–89
in 2015 (estimated by the Nation (...truncated)