Photodynamic Effect of Ni Nanotubes on an HeLa Cell Line

PLOS ONE, Dec 2019

Nickel nanomaterials are promising in the biomedical field, especially in cancer diagnostics and targeted therapy, due to their distinctive chemical and physical properties. In this experiment, the toxicity of nickel nanotubes (Ni NTs) were tested in an in vitro cervical cancer model (HeLa cell line) to optimize the parameters of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for their greatest effectiveness. Ni NTs were synthesized by electrodeposition. Morphological analysis and magnetic behavior were examined using a Scanning electron microscope (SEM), an energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis. Phototoxic and cytotoxic effects of nanomaterials were studied using the Ni NTs alone as well as in conjugation with aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA); this was performed both in the dark and under laser exposure. Toxic effects on the HeLa cell model were evaluated by a neutral red assay (NRA) and by detection of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, 10–200 nM of Ni NTs was prepared in solution form and applied to HeLa cells in 96-well plates. Maximum toxicity of Ni NTs complexed with 5-ALA was observed at 100 J/cm2 and 200 nM. Up to 65–68% loss in cell viability was observed. Statistical analysis was performed on the experimental results to confirm the worth and clarity of results, with p-values = 0.003 and 0.000, respectively. Current results pave the way for a more rational strategy to overcome the problem of drug bioavailability in nanoparticulate targeted cancer therapy, which plays a dynamic role in clinical practice.

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Photodynamic Effect of Ni Nanotubes on an HeLa Cell Line

March Photodynamic Effect of Ni Nanotubes on an HeLa Cell Line Muhammad Hammad Aziz 0 1 M. Fakhar-e-Alam 1 2 Mahvish Fatima 1 Fozia Shaheen 1 Seemab Iqbal 1 2 M. Atif 1 Muhammad Talha 1 Syed Mansoor Ali 1 Muhammad Afzal 1 Abdul Majid 0 1 Thamir Shelih Al.Harbi 0 1 Muhammad Ismail 1 Zhiming M. Wang 1 M. S. AlSalhi 1 Z. A. Alahmed 1 0 Department of Physics, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University , Zulfi , Saudi Arabia , 2 Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information and Technology , Lahore , Pakistan , 3 Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , 610054 Chengdu , China 1 Editor: Michael Hamblin, Massachusetts General Hospital , UNITED STATES 2 Department of Physics, GC University Faisalabad, Pakistan, 5 Department of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan, 6 Department of Physics, GC University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan, 7 Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia , 8 National Institute of Laser and Optronics , Nilore, Islamabad , Pakistan , 9 Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University , Riyadh 11421 , Saudi Arabia , 10 Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE) , 24 Mauve Area, G-9/1, Islamabad , Pakistan Nickel nanomaterials are promising in the biomedical field, especially in cancer diagnostics and targeted therapy, due to their distinctive chemical and physical properties. In this experiment, the toxicity of nickel nanotubes (Ni NTs) were tested in an in vitro cervical cancer model (HeLa cell line) to optimize the parameters of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for their greatest effectiveness. Ni NTs were synthesized by electrodeposition. Morphological analysis and magnetic behavior were examined using a Scanning electron microscope (SEM), an energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis. Phototoxic and cytotoxic effects of nanomaterials were studied using the Ni NTs alone as well as in conjugation with aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA); this was performed both in the dark and under laser exposure. Toxic effects on the HeLa cell model were evaluated by a neutral red assay (NRA) and by detection of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, 10-200 nM of Ni NTs was prepared in solution form and applied to HeLa cells in 96-well plates. Maximum toxicity of Ni NTs complexed with 5-ALA was observed at 100 J/cm2 and 200 nM. Up to 65-68% loss in cell viability was observed. Statistical analysis was performed on the experimental results to confirm the worth and clarity of results, with p-values = 0.003 and 0.000, respectively. Current results pave the way for a more rational strategy to overcome the problem of drug bioavailability in nanoparticulate targeted cancer therapy, which plays a dynamic role in clinical practice. - OPEN ACCESS Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Funding: The authors acknowledge the support from Deanship of Scientific Research, Majmaah University under project No. 37-1-3. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. 1. Introduction Astonishing, nanotechnology has moved the nano world with its magnificent physiochemical characteristics. It has affected a multitude of areas, including science, technology, energy production, aerospace, electronics, engineering, environmental remediation and medical health care. Currently, nickel nanomaterials have received the most attention in the health and medical fields because of their potential impact on the environment and human health. The ability of nanomaterials to penetrate basic biological structures, such as cellular organelles and cells, mostly depends on the suitable size of the nanomaterials [ 1–3 ]. The size, chemical composition and shape play vital roles in nanomaterial toxicity [ 2 ]. It has been reported that nanomaterials are more toxic than bulk materials [ 2–3 ]. Nickel nanomaterials have many unique properties, such as high stability and catalytic activity. However, their adverse effects on the environment and human health have also been investigated [ 4–7 ]. It has been reported that nickel nanowires (NWs) induce apoptotic cell death due to ROS generation and flow cytometric cell cycle arrest. Moreover, nanomaterials such as ferromagnetic nanowires induce tumor cell death; thus, they may have an application as an anticancer agent [ 8– 9 ]. The internalization of nickel nanowires by osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells (UMR-106) and mouse osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-El) indicated that they could be used for variety of biological applications [9]. The International Agency of Research on Cancer has classified Ni compounds as carcinogenic to humans (group 1) and metallic Ni as possibly carcinogenic to humans (group 2B). ROS play a dynamic role in the apoptotic pathway [ (...truncated)


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Muhammad Hammad Aziz, M. Fakhar-e-Alam, Mahvish Fatima, Fozia Shaheen, Seemab Iqbal, M. Atif, Muhammad Talha, Syed Mansoor Ali, Muhammad Afzal, Abdul Majid, Thamir Shelih Al.Harbi, Muhammad Ismail, Zhiming M. Wang, M. S. AlSalhi, Z. A. Alahmed. Photodynamic Effect of Ni Nanotubes on an HeLa Cell Line, PLOS ONE, 2016, Volume 11, Issue 3, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150295