Abrasion properties of self-suspended hairy titanium dioxide nanomaterials

Applied Nanoscience, Oct 2017

Considering the excellent solubility of pyrrolidone ring organic compounds, the synthesized N-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone chlorides was tethered onto titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles to improve dispersion of TiO2, and then polyethylene oxide (PEO) oligomer through ion exchange embraced the tethered TiO2 to obtain a novel self-suspended hairy TiO2 nanomaterials without any solvent. A variety of techniques were carried out to illustrate the structure and properties of the self-suspended hairy TiO2 nanomaterials. It was found that TiO2 nanoparticles embody monodispersity in the hybrid system though the “false reunion” phenomenon occurring due to nonpermanent weak physical cross-linking. Remarkably, self-suspended hairy TiO2 nanomaterials exhibit lower viscosity, facilitating maneuverable and outstanding antifriction and wear resistance properties, due to the synergistic lubricating effect between spontaneously forming lubricating film and nano-lubrication of TiO2 cores, overcoming the deficiency of both solid and liquid lubricants. This make them promising candidates for the micro-electromechanic/nano-electromechanic systems (MEMS/NEMS).

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Abrasion properties of self-suspended hairy titanium dioxide nanomaterials

Appl Nanosci Abrasion properties of self-suspended hairy titanium dioxide nanomaterials Jiao-xia Zhang 0 1 Si Liu 0 1 Chao Yan 0 1 Ya-ming Yu 0 1 Shi-yun Li 0 1 Xiao-jing Wang 0 1 Lei Wang 0 1 0 College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University , 361021 Xiamen , China 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology , Zhenjiang 212003 , China Considering the excellent solubility of pyrrolidone ring organic compounds, the synthesized N(trimethoxysilyl) propyl-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone chlorides was tethered onto titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles to improve dispersion of TiO2, and then polyethylene oxide (PEO) oligomer through ion exchange embraced the tethered TiO2 to obtain a novel self-suspended hairy TiO2 nanomaterials without any solvent. A variety of techniques were carried out to illustrate the structure and properties of the self-suspended hairy TiO2 nanomaterials. It was found that TiO2 nanoparticles embody monodispersity in the hybrid system though the ''false reunion'' phenomenon occurring due to nonpermanent weak physical cross-linking. Remarkably, self-suspended hairy TiO2 nanomaterials exhibit lower viscosity, facilitating maneuverable and outstanding antifriction and wear resistance properties, due to the synergistic lubricating effect between spontaneously forming lubricating film and nano-lubrication of TiO2 cores, overcoming the deficiency of both solid and liquid lubricants. This make them promising candidates for the micro-electromechanic/nano-electromechanic systems (MEMS/NEMS). Friction and wear properties; Self-suspended hairy nanomaterials; TiO2 nanoparticles; Liquid-like behavior Introduction With the rapid development of nanotechnology, the moving interface gap of micro-/nano-electromechanical systems and magnetic recording system has been reduced to nanometers for achieving more components on per unit, faster response speed and better and more properties. Therefore, nanotribology puts forward higher requirements such as high thermal stability, excellent temperature fluidity, low vapor pressure, good lubrication, abrasion-resistance and self-repairing capacity (Rojas et al. 2015; Ye et al. 2001; Hussein et al. 2015; Tang et al. 2014) . Solid inorganic or liquid organic materials are the traditional lubricants for controlling friction and wear, e.g., natural and synthetic organics (animal fat, vegetable oil, refined oil, silicone oil, esters, etc.), micro-/nanometal oxide powder (MoS2, ZnO, etc.) and carbon materials. In general, solid lubricants are usually added into the lube base oil to reduce the interfacial friction and improve the load-bearing capacity of the parts by their benign extreme pressure grease, anti-oxide, anti-wear roles and so on. However, solid lubricating additives cannot homogeneously disperse well in the base oil, due to their easy agglomeration and poor compatibility with the base oil. Compared with the solid lubricants, liquid lubricants show different advantages, such as long-term endurance, low mechanical noise, promotion of thermal conductance and very low friction in the elastohydrodynamic film regime (Zheng et al. 2016) . Liquid lubricants can be directly used as lubricant without the base oil, but their ability to bear the wear resistance decreases due to the absence of solid nanoparticles (Guo et al. 2006) . Compared with traditional nanofluids, novel self-suspended nanomaterials at room temperature through covalent graft a soft organic corona onto the nanomaterials surface have been proved to enhance the manipulation and impart compatibility of nanoparticles (Huang et al. 2016; Li et al. 2015; Lei et al. 2008; Zheng et al. 2016; Warren et al. 2006) . Organic corona generally refers to a surfaceactive agent, in which one end can tether nanoparticles and the other can further bond with polymers. A series of selfsuspended hairy nanomaterials based on various nanoparticles such as TiO2, SiO2, graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes have been fabricated using nanoparticles as cores, surface functionalized with a charged corona, and ionically tethered with oligomeric chains as a canopy to balance the charge (Zhang et al. 2009a, b, 2013; Yang et al. 2016c; Petit et al. 2013; Li et al. 2009, 2016a, b) . Selfsuspended hairy nanomaterials offer attractive possibilities for particular applications, e.g., transportation, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), liquid electrolytes and magnetic fluid. For the lubricating materials, silicabased nanomaterials with liquid-like behavior used as thickeners in traditional lubricating oils created lubricants whose friction coefficients were lower than that of the base oil, as demonstrated by Yang et al. (2016b) and Kim and Archer (2011) . More importantly, wear resistance also was reduced due to the localization of silica in the wear tracks of the contact surface. The silica-based nanomaterial with liquid-like (Li et al. 2016a, b; Bai et al. 2016) b (...truncated)


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Jiao-xia Zhang, Si Liu, Chao Yan, Xiao-jing Wang, Lei Wang, Ya-ming Yu, Shi-yun Li. Abrasion properties of self-suspended hairy titanium dioxide nanomaterials, Applied Nanoscience, 2017, pp. 691-700, Volume 7, Issue 8, DOI: 10.1007/s13204-017-0607-6