Systematics and diversification of Anindobothrium Marques, Brooks & Lasso, 2001 (Eucestoda: Rhinebothriidea)

PLOS ONE, Nov 2019

Tapeworms of the genus Anindobothrium Marques, Brooks & Lasso, 2001 are found in both marine and Neotropical freshwater stingrays of the family Potamotrygonidae. The patterns of host association within the genus support the most recent hypothesis about the history of diversification of potamotrygonids, which suggests that the ancestor of freshwater lineages of the Potamotrygonidae colonized South American river systems through marine incursion events. Despite the relevance of the genus Anindobothrium to understand the history of colonization and diversification of potamotrygonids, no additional efforts were done to better investigate the phylogenetic relationship of this taxon with other lineages of cestodes since its erection. This study is a result of recent collecting efforts to sample members of the genus in marine and freshwater potamotrygonids that enabled the most extensive documentation of the fauna of Anindobothrium parasitizing species of Styracura de Carvalho, Loboda & da Silva, Potamotrygon schroederi Fernández-Yépez, P. orbignyi (Castelnau) and P. yepezi Castex & Castello from six different countries, representing the eastern Pacific Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and river basins in South America (Rio Negro, Orinoco, and Maracaibo). The newly collected material provided additional specimens for morphological studies and molecular samples for subsequent phylogenetic analyses that allowed us to address the phylogenetic position of Anindobothrium and provide molecular and morphological evidence to recognize two additional species for the genus. The taxonomic actions that followed our analyses included the proposition of a new family, Anindobothriidae fam. n., to accommodate the genus Anindobothrium in the order Rhinebothriidea Healy, Caira, Jensen, Webster & Littlewood, 2009 and the description of two new species—one from the eastern Pacific Ocean, A. carrioni sp. n., and the other from the Caribbean Sea, A. inexpectatum sp. n. In addition, we also present a redescription of the type species of the genus, A. anacolum (Brooks, 1977) Marques, Brooks & Lasso, 2001, and of A. lisae Marques, Brooks & Lasso, 2001. Finally, we discuss the paleogeographical events mostly linked with the diversification of the genus and the protocols adopted to uncover cryptic diversity in Anindobothrium.

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Systematics and diversification of Anindobothrium Marques, Brooks & Lasso, 2001 (Eucestoda: Rhinebothriidea)

September Systematics and diversification of Anindobothrium Marques, Brooks & Lasso, 2001 (Eucestoda: Rhinebothriidea) Bruna Trevisan 0 1 Juliana F. Primon 1 Fernando P. L. Marques 1 ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. 1 1 0 Curso de Po s-graduacËão/Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, São Paulo , Brazil , 2 Departamento de Zoologia/Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, São Paulo , Brazil 1 Editor: Ulrike Gertrud Munderloh, University of Minnesota , UNITED STATES Tapeworms of the genus Anindobothrium Marques, Brooks & Lasso, 2001 are found in both marine and Neotropical freshwater stingrays of the family Potamotrygonidae. The patterns of host association within the genus support the most recent hypothesis about the history of diversification of potamotrygonids, which suggests that the ancestor of freshwater lineages of the Potamotrygonidae colonized South American river systems through marine incursion events. Despite the relevance of the genus Anindobothrium to understand the history of colonization and diversification of potamotrygonids, no additional efforts were done to better investigate the phylogenetic relationship of this taxon with other lineages of cestodes since its erection. This study is a result of recent collecting efforts to sample members of the genus in marine and freshwater potamotrygonids that enabled the most extensive documentation of the fauna of Anindobothrium parasitizing species of Styracura de Carvalho, Loboda & da Silva, Potamotrygon schroederi Ferna ndez-Ye pez, P. orbignyi (Castelnau) and P. yepezi Castex & Castello from six different countries, representing the eastern Pacific Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and river basins in South America (Rio Negro, Orinoco, and Maracaibo). The newly collected material provided additional specimens for morphological studies and molecular samples for subsequent phylogenetic analyses that allowed us to address the phylogenetic position of Anindobothrium and provide molecular and morphological evidence to recognize two additional species for the genus. The taxonomic actions that followed our analyses included the proposition of a new family, Anindobothriidae fam. n., to accommodate the genus Anindobothrium in the order Rhinebothriidea Healy, Caira, Jensen, Webster & Littlewood, 2009 and the description of two new speciesÐone from the eastern Pacific Ocean, A. carrioni sp. n., and the other from the Caribbean Sea, A. inexpectatum sp. n. In addition, we also present a redescription of the type species of the genus, A. anacolum (Brooks, 1977) Marques, Brooks & Lasso, 2001, and of A. lisae Marques, Brooks & Lasso, 2001. Finally, we discuss the paleogeographical events mostly linked with the diversification of the genus and the protocols adopted to uncover cryptic diversity in Anindobothrium. - Data Availability Statement: Dataset and R scripts for analyses of morphological data are available in Morphobank under project number P2567. Implied alignment data files and 324 consensus tree used to provide diagnosis for each clade of the Rhinebothriidea are available in TREEBASE under the number S20236. Implied alignment data files and consensus tree used to provide diagnosis for each clade of Anindobothrium are available in TREEBASE under the number S20236. Funding: This work was supported in part with funds from NSF PB&I grants DEB 0818696 and DEB 0818823; grants from the State University of New York College at Oneonta Research Foundation; and by FAPESP (FundacËão de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo) grant #2014/ 10220-0. Introduction Members of the genus Anindobothrium Marques, Brooks & Lasso, 2001 are found in both marine and Neotropical freshwater stingrays of the family Potamotrygonidae. This genus was erected to accommodate the marine species Caulobothrium anacolum Brooks, 1977, a parasite of Styracura schmardae (Werner) de Carvalho, Loboda & da Silva off the Caribbean coast of Colombia, and two species found in freshwater potamotrygonids: A. lisae Marques, Brooks & Lasso, 2001 and A. guariticus Marques, Brooks & Lasso, 2001. Subsequently, Reyda [ 1 ] transferred A. guariticus to his newly erected genus Nandocestus Reyda, 2008. Therefore, Anindobothrium is now comprised of two valid species: its type, A. anacolum (Brooks, 1977) Marques, Brooks & Lasso, 2001, a parasite of S. schmardae collected off the Caribbean coast of Colombia and A. lisae, a parasite of freshwater stingray Potamotrygon orbignyi (Castelnau) from the Rio Negro, near Barcelos-Amazonas (Brazil). At present, the systematic position of Anindobothrium is considered uncertain [ 2, 3 ]. Marques et al. [4] erected the genus as a member of the Phyllobothriidae Braun, 1900 [ 5 ], a family of the notoriously polyphyletic order Tetraphyllidea Carus, 1863 [ 6 ]. In the past decade, the disassembly of the Tetraphyllidea has led to extensive modifications [ 2, 3, 7, 8 ] of the concept of the fam (...truncated)


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Bruna Trevisan, Juliana F. Primon, Fernando P. L. Marques. Systematics and diversification of Anindobothrium Marques, Brooks & Lasso, 2001 (Eucestoda: Rhinebothriidea), PLOS ONE, 2017, Volume 12, Issue 9, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184632