Effects of Dietary Calcium and Phosphorus Concentrations and Addition of Phytase on Growth Performance of Nursery Pigs

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, Nov 2017

A total of 720 nursery pigs (PIC 1050 × 280, initially 13.4 ± 0.47 lb) were used in a 42-d growth study to determine the effects of feeding 2 calcium (Ca) and 3 standardized total tract digestible (STTD) phosphorus (P) concentrations on growth performance and bone ash content. Pens of pigs (10 pigs/pen, 12 pens/treatment) were blocked by initial pen weight, and within blocks pens were allotted randomly to 1 of 6 dietary treatments. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial, with 2 levels of Ca (0.58 vs. 1.03%) and 3 levels of STTD P (0.33 and 0.45% without phytase, and 0.45% with 0.12% of the P being released by phytase). Diets were provided in 3 phases, with pigs fed experimental diets during phase 1 (d 0 to 14) and phase 2 (d 14 to 28), followed by a common phase 3 diet from d 28 to 42. For the majority of the feeding periods, Ca × P interactions were observed for growth responses (P < 0.05). From d 0 to 28, when diets contained low Ca concentration, pigs fed 0.45% STTD P with phytase had greater (P < 0.01) ADG and ADFI compared with those fed 0.45% STTD P without phytase or 0.33% STTD P. When high Ca was fed, ADG and ADFI were similar among pigs fed 0.45% STTD P with or without phytase but were greater than those fed 0.33% STTD P. Feed efficiency was poorer (P < 0.01) when low STTD P and high Ca were added to diet compared with other dietary treatments. During phase 3, pigs previously fed 0.33% STTD P had similar ADG, but decreased (P < 0.05) ADFI and improved F/G compared with pigs previously fed 0.45% STTD P with or without phytase. However, pigs fed 0.33% STTD P, with high Ca were not able to fully compensate for the negative effects of P deficiency, resulting in decreased (P < 0.05) overall ADG and ADFI compared with pigs fed 0.45% STTD P diet with or without phytase. On d 21, 1 median-weight gilt from each pen was euthanized and fibulas were collected for analysis of bone ash content. Pigs fed 0.33% STTD P had decreased (P < 0.05) bone ash concentration compared with those fed 0.45% STTD P with or without phytase when high Ca was added to diets, but this P effect was not observed when diets contained

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Effects of Dietary Calcium and Phosphorus Concentrations and Addition of Phytase on Growth Performance of Nursery Pigs

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports F. Wu 0 1 2 M. D. Tokach 0 1 2 J. M. DeRouchey 0 1 2 0 Wu , F.; Tokach, M. D.; DeRouchey, J. M.; Dritz, S. S.; Woodworth, J. C.; and Goodband, R. D. (2017) "Effects 1 Kansas State University , Manhattan , USA 2 Department of Animal Science and Industry, Kansas State University , USA See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://newprairiepress.org/kaesrr Part of the Other Animal Sciences Commons Recommended Citation of Dietary Calcium and Phosphorus Concentrations and Addition of Phytase on Growth Performance of Nursery Pigs," Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 3: Iss. 7. https://doi.org/ - This report is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. Copyright 2017 Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. Contents of this publication may be freely reproduced for educational purposes. All other rights reserved. Brand names appearing in this publication are for product identification purposes only. No endorsement is intended, nor is criticism implied of similar products not mentioned. K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Effects of Dietary Calcium and Phosphorus Concentrations and Addition of Phytase on Growth Performance of Nursery Pigs Abstract A total of 720 nursery pigs (PIC 1050 × 280, initially 13.4 ± 0.47 lb) were used in a 42-d growth study to determine the effects of feeding 2 calcium (Ca) and 3 standardized total tract digestible (STTD) phosphorus (P) concentrations on growth performance and bone ash content. Pens of pigs (10 pigs/pen, 12 pens/treatment) were blocked by initial pen weight, and within blocks pens were allotted randomly to 1 of 6 dietary treatments. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial, with 2 levels of Ca (0.58 vs. 1.03%) and 3 levels of STTD P (0.33 and 0.45% without phytase, and 0.45% with 0.12% of the P being released by phytase). Diets were provided in 3 phases, with pigs fed experimental diets during phase 1 (d 0 to 14) and phase 2 (d 14 to 28), followed by a common phase 3 diet from d 28 to 42. For the majority of the feeding periods, Ca × P interactions were observed for growth responses (P < 0.05). From d 0 to 28, when diets contained low Ca concentration, pigs fed 0.45% STTD P with phytase had greater (P < 0.01) ADG and ADFI compared with those fed 0.45% STTD P without phytase or 0.33% STTD P. When high Ca was fed, ADG and ADFI were similar among pigs fed 0.45% STTD P with or without phytase but were greater than those fed 0.33% STTD P. Feed efficiency was poorer (P < 0.01) when low STTD P and high Ca were added to diet compared with other dietary treatments. During phase 3, pigs previously fed 0.33% STTD P had similar ADG, but decreased (P < 0.05) ADFI and improved F/G compared with pigs previously fed 0.45% STTD P with or without phytase. However, pigs fed 0.33% STTD P, with high Ca were not able to fully compensate for the negative effects of P deficiency, resulting in decreased (P < 0.05) overall ADG and ADFI compared with pigs fed 0.45% STTD P diet with or without phytase. On d 21, 1 median-weight gilt from each pen was euthanized and fibulas were collected for analysis of bone ash content. Pigs fed 0.33% STTD P had decreased (P < 0.05) bone ash concentration compared with those fed 0.45% STTD P with or without phytase when high Ca was added to diets, but this P effect was not observed when diets contained low Ca concentration (Ca × P interaction, P = 0.007). In conclusion, excess Ca in diets decreased growth performance and bone ash concentration of nursery pigs when diets were deficient in STTD P. Adding phytase to achieve 0.45% STTD P in diets improved ADG and ADFI of pigs compared with diets containing 0.45% STTD P without phytase, indicating a potential underestimation of the P release from phytase or an increased availability of other nutrients liberated by phytase. Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Cover Page Footnote Appreciation is expressed to DSM Nutritional Products, Inc. (Parsippany, NJ) and PIC North America (Hendersonville, TN) for their technical support and partial funding. Special appreciation is also expressed to Julie Salyer, Dr. Brad James, and Lorene Parkhurst from Kalmbach Feeds, Inc. (Sycamore, OH), for their technical support and expertise in conducting the experiment. Authors F. Wu, M. D. Tokach, J. M. DeRouchey, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, and R. D. Goodband This nursery pig nutrition and management is available in Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: https://newprairiepress.org/kaesrr/vol3/iss7/19 K 2017 Effects of Dietary Calcium and Phosphorus Concentration (...truncated)


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F. Wu, M. D. Tokach, J. M. DeRouchey, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, R. D. Goodband. Effects of Dietary Calcium and Phosphorus Concentrations and Addition of Phytase on Growth Performance of Nursery Pigs, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, 2017, Volume 3, Issue 7,