Adolescents' perception of parental feeding practices: Adaptation and validation of the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire for Brazilian adolescents—The CFPQ-Teen
November
Adolescents' perception of parental feeding practices: Adaptation and validation of the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire for Brazilian adolescentsÐThe CFPQ-Teen
AÃ ngela Bein Piccoli 0 1
Lucas Neiva-Silva 0
Clarisse Pereira Mosmann 0
Dara Musher- Eizenman 0
Lucia C. Pellanda 0 1
0 Editor: Sarah Warkentin, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo , BRAZIL
1 Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences: Cardiology, Instituto de Cardiologia / FundacËão Universit aÂria de Cardiologia. Porto Alegre, Brazil, 2 Psychology Graduate Program, Post Graduation Program in Public Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande. Rio Grande, Brazil, 3 Psychology Graduate Program, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. São Leopoldo, Brazil, 4 Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, United States of America, 5 Universidade Federal de Ciências da SauÂde de Porto Alegre. Porto Alegre , Brazil
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OPEN ACCESS
Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are
within the paper and its Supporting Information
files.
Funding: The authors received no specific funding
for this work.
Competing interests: The authors have declared
that no competing interests exist.
Objective
Methods
cents in a Brazilian setting.
The Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire was translated into Portuguese and
adapted to be answered by adolescents (ages 12 to 18). Content analysis and FACE validity
to assess cultural equivalence was undertaken by experts in the adolescent nutritional and
psychological fields. Pilot study was evaluated in 23 adolescents. The final version was
administered to 41 students to assess instrument reproducibility (Intraclass Correlation
Coefficient). Internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha) and construct validity (Confirmatory
Factor Analysis) were assessed in a third sample of 307 adolescents.
Results
Experts and adolescents considered content validity as appropriate. In reproducibility analysis (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient), 10 of the 12 factors were above 0.7. The factors ªteaching about nutritionº and ªfood as rewardº obtained values of 0.60 and 0.68, respectively. The
Cronbach's Alpha of the whole scale was 0.83 and alphas for subscales ranged from 0.52 to
0.85; the factors ªteaching about nutritionº and ªfood as a rewardº had the lowest values
(0.52). After removing these two factors, the Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated that the
structural model was appropriate. The final scale was made up of 10 factors with 43
questions.
Conclusions
The Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire-Teen demonstrates validity and reliability, and is a suitable tool to evaluate the perceptions of adolescents regarding parental feeding practices.
Background
Obesity is currently considered one of the most important challenges in public health [
1
].
Adolescence represents an important period with potentially high risk for the development of
obesity and other feeding disorders. Physical and psychosocial complications of obesity may
represent significant losses in quality of life. Diseases associated with excessive weight, which
previously manifested during adulthood, are now often diagnosed among children and
adolescents, including dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, sleep apnea, type II diabetes mellitus,
and respiratory and orthopedic complications [2±4].
Parents are primarily in charge of the feeding and development of their children's food
habits through behaviors such as incentive, restriction, permission, or passivity in the face of
certain foods [
5
]. Through models that are internalized, children tend to develop eating behaviors
like those of their family members [
6
]. The influence of parental feeding practices on dietary
habits and weight status in children and adolescents has become the subject of research in
recent years [6±14]. However, although parent-child relationships are bidirectional, the
majority of studies focus on the perspective of parents. There is a gap in the literature on instruments
to measure the perception of children about their parent's feeding practices.
This is especially important in this age group, when there is more autonomy and parents
may become more permissive. Although adolescents have already acquired greater autonomy
in relation to food consumption and lifestyle choices, they are, in many cases, still dependent
on routines established by parents for acquiring and preparing food [
15
]. An instrument that
includes food practices perceived by children can be considered a diagnostic tool for health
professionals to support their interventions and decisions. For this reason, is important to
develop a comprehensive instrument to meet various aspects of nutrition education for
adolescents. The Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ) is a validated scale
designed to measure feeding practices for young children (2±8 years old). This instrument was
developed by Musher-Eizenman and Holub (2007) and i (...truncated)