The minimal GUT with inflaton and dark matter unification

The European Physical Journal C, Jan 2018

Giving up the solutions to the fine-tuning problems, we propose the non-supersymmetric flipped \(SU(5)\times U(1)_X\) model based on the minimal particle content principle, which can be constructed from the four-dimensional SO(10) models, five-dimensional orbifold SO(10) models, and local F-theory SO(10) models. To achieve gauge coupling unification, we introduce one pair of vector-like fermions, which form a complete \(SU(5)\times U(1)_X\) representation. The proton lifetime is around \(5\times 10^{35}\) years, neutrino masses and mixing can be explained via the seesaw mechanism, baryon asymmetry can be generated via leptogenesis, and the vacuum stability problem can be solved as well. In particular, we propose that inflaton and dark matter particles can be unified to a real scalar field with \(Z_2\) symmetry, which is not an axion and does not have the non-minimal coupling to gravity. Such a kind of scenarios can be applied to the generic scalar dark matter models. Also, we find that the vector-like particle corrections to the \(B_s^0\) masses might be about 6.6%, while their corrections to the \(K^0\) and \(B_d^0\) masses are negligible.

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The minimal GUT with inflaton and dark matter unification

Eur. Phys. J. C The minimal GUT with inflaton and dark matter unification Heng-Yu Chen 2 Ilia Gogoladze 2 Shan Hu 1 Tianjun Li 0 4 Lina Wu 0 3 0 Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China 1 Department of Physics, Faculty of Physics and Electronic Sciences, Hubei University , Wuhan 430062 , People's Republic of China 2 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware , Newark, DE 19716 , USA 3 School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054 , People's Republic of China 4 School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China Giving up the solutions to the fine-tuning problems, we propose the non-supersymmetric flipped SU (5) × U (1)X model based on the minimal particle content principle, which can be constructed from the four-dimensional S O(10) models, five-dimensional orbifold S O(10) models, and local F-theory S O(10) models. To achieve gauge coupling unification, we introduce one pair of vector-like fermions, which form a complete SU (5) × U (1)X representation. The proton lifetime is around 5 × 1035 years, neutrino masses and mixing can be explained via the seesaw mechanism, baryon asymmetry can be generated via leptogenesis, and the vacuum stability problem can be solved as well. In particular, we propose that inflaton and dark matter particles can be unified to a real scalar field with Z2 symmetry, which is not an axion and does not have the non-minimal coupling to gravity. Such a kind of scenarios can be applied to the generic scalar dark matter models. Also, we find that the vector-like particle corrections to the Bs0 masses might be about 6.6%, while their corrections to the K 0 and Bd0 masses are negligible. 1 Introduction It is well known that a Standard Model (SM) like Higgs boson (h) with mass mh = 125.09 ± 0.24 GeV was discovered at the LHC [ 1–3 ], and thus the SM particle content has been confirmed. Moreover, there are many possible directions for new physics beyond the SM: supersymmetry, extra dimensions, strong dynamics or say composite Higgs field, extra gauge symmetries, and Grand Unified Theory (GUT), etc. However, we do not have any new physics signal at the 13 TeV Large Hadron Collider (LHC) yet. Therefore, we may need to reconsider the principle for new physics beyond the SM, and then propose promising models. First, let us briefly review the convincing evidence for new physics beyond the SM • Dark Matter (DM) is a necessary ingredient of cosmology, considering the cosmic microwave background (CMB) or the rotation curves of spiral galaxies, etc [ 4,5 ]. • Dark energy (DE) is required due to the concordance of data from cosmic microwave anisotropy [4], galaxy clusters (see, e.g., [ 6 ]), and high-redshift Type-IA supernovae [ 7,8 ]. • The non-zero masses and mixing of neutrinos have been found from the atmospheric [9] and solar neutrino experiments [ 10 ], as well as the reactor anti-neutrino experiments [ 11 ], etc. • A larger fraction of baryonic matter is found compared to anti-matter in the Universe, i.e., the cosmic baryon asymmetry η = n B /nγ = 6.05 ± 0.07 × 10−10 [ 5 ]. • The nearly scale-invariant, adiabatic, statistically isotropic, and Gaussian density fluctuations (see, e.g., [ 12 ]) point to cosmic inflation, which can solve the horizon and flatness problems of the Universe as well. Second, there are two kinds of theoretical problems in the SM: fine-tuning problems and aesthetic problems. The finetuning problems are: (i) The cosmological constant problem: why is the cosmological constant so tiny? (ii) The gauge hierarchy problem: the SM Higgs boson mass square is not stable against quantum corrections and has quadratic divergences, while the electroweak scale is about 16 order smaller than the reduced Planck scale MPl 2.43 × 1018 GeV. (iii) The strong CP problem: the θ parameter of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is smaller than 10−10 from the measurements of the neutron electric dipole moment [ 13,14 ]. (iv) The SM fermion mass hierarchy problem: the electron mass is about 5 orders smaller than top quark mass. Also, the aesthetic problems are: (i) there is no explanation for the structure of gauge interactions; (ii) there is no explanation of fermion mass structures; (iii) there is no explanation for charge quantization; (iv) there is no realization of gauge coupling unification. The aesthetic problems can be solved in Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) if we can realize gauge coupling unification. In addition, the SM Higgs quartic coupling becomes negative around 109 GeV for central measured values of the SM parameters. Thus, the SM Higgs vacuum is not stable, which is called the stability problem [ 15–17 ]. Interestingly, the measured Higgs mass roughly corresponds to the (...truncated)


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Heng-Yu Chen, Ilia Gogoladze, Shan Hu, Tianjun Li, Lina Wu. The minimal GUT with inflaton and dark matter unification, The European Physical Journal C, 2018, pp. 26, Volume 78, Issue 1, DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5496-z