Modeling Method for Flexible Energy Behaviors in CNC Machining Systems

Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Feb 2018

CNC machining systems are inevitably confronted with frequent changes in energy behaviors because they are widely used to perform various machining tasks. It is a challenge to understand and analyze the flexible energy behaviors in CNC machining systems. A method to model flexible energy behaviors in CNC machining systems based on hierarchical objected-oriented Petri net (HOONet) is proposed. The structure of the HOONet is constructed of a high-level model and detail models. The former is used to model operational states for CNC machining systems, and the latter is used to analyze the component models for operational states. The machining parameters having great impacts on energy behaviors in CNC machining systems are declared with the data dictionary in HOONet models. A case study based on a CNC lathe is presented to demonstrate the proposed modeling method. The results show that it is effective for modeling flexible energy behaviors and providing a fine-grained description to quantitatively analyze the energy consumption of CNC machining systems.

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Modeling Method for Flexible Energy Behaviors in CNC Machining Systems

Li et al. Chin. J. Mech. Eng. Modeling Method for Flexible Energy Behaviors in CNC Machining Systems Yu‑Feng Li 0 2 3 Yu‑Lin Wang 1 Yan He 2 Yan Wang 4 Shen‑Long Lin 2 0 Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030 , China 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China 2 State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030 , China 3 Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University , Chong‐ qing 400030 , China 4 Department of Computing, Mathematics and Engineering, University of Brighton , Brighton , UK CNC machining systems are inevitably confronted with frequent changes in energy behaviors because they are widely used to perform various machining tasks. It is a challenge to understand and analyze the flexible energy behaviors in CNC machining systems. A method to model flexible energy behaviors in CNC machining systems based on hierarchical objected‑ oriented Petri net (HOONet) is proposed. The structure of the HOONet is constructed of a high‑ level model and detail models. The former is used to model operational states for CNC machining systems, and the latter is used to analyze the component models for operational states. The machining parameters having great impacts on energy behaviors in CNC machining systems are declared with the data dictionary in HOONet models. A case study based on a CNC lathe is presented to demonstrate the proposed modeling method. The results show that it is effective for modeling flexible energy behaviors and providing a fine‑ grained description to quantitatively analyze the energy consumption of CNC machining systems. Energy behaviors; CNC machining systems; Modeling method; HOONet 1 Introduction Presently, manufacturing companies are not only facing strong economic pressure due to complex and diverse economic trends of shorter product life cycles, increased diversity in customer demand, and the globalization of production activities but are also seeking to meet emerging industrial criterions including sustainability for environmental benefits [ 1, 2 ]. According to a report by Schipper [3], manufacturing is responsible for 84% of energy-related industrial CO2 emissions and 90% of industrial energy consumption. Sustainable manufacturing has been hailed for manufacturing enterprises to achieve sustainable production and improve their sustainable competitive advantage [ 4 ]. Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machining systems are the key players for metal cutting in manufacturing activities. Approximately 95% of the environmental impact of CNC machining systems is attributed to electrical energy consumption during the utilization phase [ 5 ]. Therefore, a thorough analysis of energy consumption in CNC machining systems is of utmost importance, to implement sustainable manufacturing [ 6 ]. As a prerequisite, it is important to understand and analyze how electrical energy use or power demanded is consumed in CNC machining processes. Most studies have been based on machining parameters to analyze energy consumption for CNC machining systems. Draganescu et  al.  [ 7 ] statistically modeled the relationship between energy consumption and machining parameters using the Response Surface Method. Diaz et al.  [ 8 ] and Velchev et  al.  [ 9 ] characterized the specific energy of machine tools as a function of material removal rate. Li et  al.  [ 10 ] established an empirical model of energy consumption based on power measurements under various cutting conditions with different machining parameters. Lv et  al.  [ 11 ] investigated the energy characteristics related to machining parameters and proposed the power models of CNC machining systems through an experimental method. Camposeco-Negrete [ 12 ] modeled energy consumption of machining parameters for a specific lathe machine tool with the Response Surface Method. Liu et  al.  [ 13 ] characterized the energy consumption of machining parameters for a specific milling machine tool. Sun et  al.  [ 14 ] described the relationship between the specific energy consumption and the production rate for ball milling. Shin et  al.  [ 15 ] presented a component-based energy-modeling methodology to implement online optimization. These studies mainly focused on identifying critical machining parameters for analyzing energy consumption, and energy consumption was modeled as a function of certain machining parameters. Some researchers have focused on modeling the energy consumption of components to analyze the energy consumption in CNC machining system. Gutowski and Kordnowy broke down the energy consumption of machining systems according to functional components such as computer and fans, servos, coolant pump, spindle, tool changer, and so on  [ 16–18 ]. He et al. [ 19 ] modeled the total energy consumption of CNC machining by summing up the energy consumed by the spindle, feed, t (...truncated)


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Yu-Feng Li, Yu-Lin Wang, Yan He, Yan Wang, Shen-Long Lin. Modeling Method for Flexible Energy Behaviors in CNC Machining Systems, Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2018, pp. 6, Volume 31, Issue 1, DOI: 10.1186/s10033-018-0213-x