Inclusion of live yeast and mannan-oligosaccharides in high grain-based diets for sheep: Ruminal parameters, inflammatory response and rumen morphology

PLOS ONE, Nov 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), mannan-oligosaccharides and the combination of these additives on the inflammatory response, ruminal parameters and rumen morphology of sheep fed a high grain-based diet. Thirty-Two Dorper x Santa Ines crossbred lambs with an average weight of 24±2 kg were distributed in a completely randomized design. The animals were housed in individual stalls and fed ad libitum. Diet treatments were: Control (without additive); LY (2 g/kg DM of live yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae), MOS (2 g/kg DM of mannan-oligosaccharides) and LY+MOS (2 g/kg DM of LY + 2 g/kg DM of MOS). The experiment lasted 42 days. The supplementation with MOS alone and the additives combination resulted in increased ruminal pH (P<0.01), while the total concentrations of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the rumen were higher (P<0.05) only in the diets with LY and MOS. Ammonia (NH3) concentration in the rumen decreased (P<0.04) with the additives usage. Diets with LY, MOS and with additives combination reduced (P<0.01) the levels of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the plasma with values of 0.46; 0.44 and 0.04 EU/mL, respectively when compared to the control (0.93 EU/mL). MOS and LY+MOS treatments had reduced stratum corneum thickness (P<0.01) in comparison to the control treatment. The total thickness of ruminal epithelium was lower with the addition of MOS in the diet (P<0.03) than with LY additive. The incidence and severity of hepatic abscesses in animals whose diet was supplemented with LY and LY+MOS was lower (P<0.05) than in animals fed the control diet. The use of LY, MOS and LY+MOS in the high-concentrate diets for sheep reduced NH3 concentrations and LPS translocation into the bloodstream. Diets containing MOS and LY+MOS enhanced the health of the ruminal epithelium by reducing the thickness of the stratum corneum, and diets containing LY and LY+MOS decreased the incidence and severity of hepatic abscesses.

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Inclusion of live yeast and mannan-oligosaccharides in high grain-based diets for sheep: Ruminal parameters, inflammatory response and rumen morphology

February Inclusion of live yeast and mannan- oligosaccharides in high grain-based diets for sheep: Ruminal parameters, inflammatory response and rumen morphology Editor: Alvaro Galli 0 ITALY 0 Tatiana Garcia Diaz☯ 0 Antonio Ferriani Branco 0 Fernando Alberto Jacovaci 0 Clo ves Cabreira Jobim 0 Dheyme Cristina Bolson 0 João Luiz Pratti Daniel 0 0 Department of Animal Science, State University of Maring aÂ; Av. Colombo , Bloco J45, Maring aÂ, PR , Brazil The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), mannan-oligosaccharides and the combination of these additives on the inflammatory response, ruminal parameters and rumen morphology of sheep fed a high grain-based diet. Thirty-Two Dorper x Santa Ines crossbred lambs with an average weight of 24±2 kg were distributed in a completely randomized design. The animals were housed in individual stalls and fed ad libitum. Diet treatments were: Control (without additive); LY (2 g/kg DM of live yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae), MOS (2 g/kg DM of mannan-oligosaccharides) and LY+MOS (2 g/kg DM of LY + 2 g/kg DM of MOS). The experiment lasted 42 days. The supplementation with MOS alone and the additives combination resulted in increased ruminal pH (P<0.01), while the total concentrations of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the rumen were higher (P<0.05) only in the diets with LY and MOS. Ammonia (NH3) concentration in the rumen decreased (P<0.04) with the additives usage. Diets with LY, MOS and with additives combination reduced (P<0.01) the levels of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the plasma with values of 0.46; 0.44 and 0.04 EU/mL, respectively when compared to the control (0.93 EU/mL). MOS and LY+MOS treatments had reduced stratum corneum thickness (P<0.01) in comparison to the control treatment. The total thickness of ruminal epithelium was lower with the addition of MOS in the diet (P<0.03) than with LY additive. The incidence and severity of hepatic abscesses in animals whose diet was supplemented with LY and LY+MOS was lower (P<0.05) than in animals fed the control diet. The use of LY, MOS and LY+MOS in the high-concentrate diets for sheep reduced NH3 concentrations and LPS translocation into the bloodstream. Diets containing MOS and LY+MOS enhanced the health of the ruminal epithelium by reducing the thickness of the stratum corneum, and diets containing LY and LY+MOS decreased the incidence and severity of hepatic abscesses. - Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Funding: This work was supported by the CoordenacËão de AperfeicËoamento de Pessoal de NÂõvel Superior (CAPES)/ Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÂõfico e TecnoloÂgico (CNPq)/ Student Agreement Program Graduate (PEC-PG), Process number: 14820-12-9 (http://www.capes. gov.br/cooperacao-internacional/multinacional/ pec-pg) Doctoral scholarships (up to 48 months, CAPES). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Introduction The use of high-concentrate diets, mainly grains, is an increasingly common practice in ruminant feeding to improve milk production and body weight. However, this type of diet contains carbohydrates that are rapidly fermentable in the rumen and increases the risk of metabolic disorders such as ruminal acidosis, foot problems and hepatic abscesses [ 1, 2 ]. This condition develops mainly due to an excessive accumulation of organic acids in the rumen, which causes a drop in ruminal pH (<5.8) and lesions in the gastrointestinal barrier [ 3, 4 ]. Ruminal acidity leads to the death of gram-negative bacteria with the corresponding release of endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides, LPS), activating a cascade of inflammatory mediators, and affecting the animal productive performance [ 5, 6 ]. For this reason, the economic and health consequences of subacute ruminal acidosis can be considered one of the most important problems in animal feedlot systems. Subacute ruminal acidosis is difficult to diagnose, which makes it hard to treat and, in most cases, the treatment is not very effective. Preventive measures should be mainly based on feeding management. Thus, one of the strategies is the dietary inclusion of probiotics, such as live yeast cultures, and prebiotics, such as mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), complex carbohydrate molecules, mannose (mannoproteins), β-glucans and proteins derived from the outer cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, that have been identified as moderators of the ruminant immune system [ 7, 8 ]. The possible effects of these additives on the digestive tract microbiota, ruminal pH regulation, and immunostimulation are beneficial to digestibility, performance, and health of animals [ 9, 10 ]. The combined use of prebiotics and probiotics in animal feeds is advantageous to potentiate the animal response and constitutes a (...truncated)


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Tatiana Garcia Diaz, Antonio Ferriani Branco, Fernando Alberto Jacovaci, Clóves Cabreira Jobim, Dheyme Cristina Bolson, João Luiz Pratti Daniel. Inclusion of live yeast and mannan-oligosaccharides in high grain-based diets for sheep: Ruminal parameters, inflammatory response and rumen morphology, PLOS ONE, 2018, Volume 13, Issue 2, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193313