Current applications of antibody microarrays

Clinical Proteomics, Feb 2018

The concept of antibody microarrays is one of the most versatile approaches within multiplexed immunoassay technologies. These types of arrays have increasingly become an attractive tool for the exploratory detection and study of protein abundance, function, pathways, and potential drug targets. Due to the properties of the antibody microarrays and their potential use in basic research and clinical analytics, various types of antibody microarrays have already been developed. In spite of the growing number of studies utilizing this technique, few reviews about antibody microarray technology have been presented to reflect the quality and future uses of the generated data. In this review, we provide a summary of the recent applications of antibody microarray techniques in basic biology and clinical studies, providing insights into the current trends and future of protein analysis.

A PDF file should load here. If you do not see its contents the file may be temporarily unavailable at the journal website or you do not have a PDF plug-in installed and enabled in your browser.

Alternatively, you can download the file locally and open with any standalone PDF reader:

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186%2Fs12014-018-9184-2.pdf

Current applications of antibody microarrays

Chen et al. Clin Proteom Current applications of antibody microarrays Ziqing Chen 4 Tea Dodig‑Crnković 0 3 Jochen M. Schwenk 0 3 Sheng‑ce Tao 1 2 4 5 0 Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, KTH ‐ Royal Institute of Technology , 171 65 Solna , Sweden 1 State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China 2 School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China 3 Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, KTH ‐ Royal Institute of Technology , 171 65 Solna , Sweden 4 Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dong‐ chuan Road, Shanghai 200240 , China 5 State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univer‐ sity , Shanghai 200240 , China The concept of antibody microarrays is one of the most versatile approaches within multiplexed immunoassay technologies. These types of arrays have increasingly become an attractive tool for the exploratory detection and study of protein abundance, function, pathways, and potential drug targets. Due to the properties of the antibody microarrays and their potential use in basic research and clinical analytics, various types of antibody microarrays have already been developed. In spite of the growing number of studies utilizing this technique, few reviews about antibody microarray technology have been presented to reflect the quality and future uses of the generated data. In this review, we provide a summary of the recent applications of antibody microarray techniques in basic biology and clinical studies, providing insights into the current trends and future of protein analysis. Antibody microarray; Signalling; Drug mechanism; Clinical application; Systems biology; Technology advances Background Antibody microarrays are built on immobilizing antibodies for a parallel analysis of multiple targets in a given sample [ 1 ]. Today’s antibody and affinity reagentengineering methods have helped to advance the methodology [ 2, 3 ]. Antibodies and a variety of antibody derivatives have been used to build arrays, including nanobodies, single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) and fragment antigen-binding (Fab)-fragments [4]. In addition, phage display [ 5 ] and ribosome display [ 6 ], combined with advanced materials and bioinformatics development have being driving forces in recent years [ 7 ]. The typical workflow of an antibody microarray is depicted in Fig.  1. Briefly, antibodies are immobilized onto a chemically functionalized or otherwise modified surface. After blocking the reactive groups of the surface, a sample containing soluble proteins of interest is incubated on the array, and the targeted proteins from the sample are captured by the antibodies. The resulting binding events are reported directly by fluorescent labelling of the sample or by the addition of a secondary detection reagent. The attractiveness of antibody microarrays is that they can be used to study a diverse number of biological processes [ 8 ] and have been used to investigate protein–protein interactions [ 9 ], signal pathway analysis [ 10 ], studies of post-translation modifications [ 11 ], and detection of toxins [ 12 ]. In the clinical context, arrays have enabled opportunities to identify novel disease biomarkers [ 13 ] as well as generating unique proteome signature by comparing healthy and disease states. This information will be of great value in the future, enabling better disease management through improved diagnostics and the ability to track disease status and therapeutic efficacy. Antibody microarrays have demonstrated a number of advantages compared to traditional, single analyte methods of protein analysis, such as, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and Western blotting. Microarrays are high throughput, highly sensitivity, require small sample volumes, and more recently have become more standardized and user friendly experimental procedures. Compared with mainstream proteomics strategies, especially mass spectrometry (MS), the process of antibody microarray assays is fast and takes less than 24 h from sample preparation to data interpretation. Detailed comparison is shown Fig. 2. In theory, like DNA microarrays, antibody microarrays can be designed to host a few to thousands, or even ten-thousands, of features. Currently, high features have been achieved by immobilizing proteins [ 14 ] or lysates [ 15, 16 ], and antibody microarrays are under active technological development and to-date operate at a few hundred features [ 17–19 ]. The arrays can be constructed either host many features per sample or be designed to compartmentalize the array into sets of arrays that allow many samples to be investigated simultaneously. Generally, the latter is more common, particularly if a large number of clinical samples are analysed in a given study. For the analysis of (...truncated)


This is a preview of a remote PDF: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186%2Fs12014-018-9184-2.pdf

Ziqing Chen, Tea Dodig-Crnković, Jochen M. Schwenk, Sheng-ce Tao. Current applications of antibody microarrays, Clinical Proteomics, 2018, pp. 7, Volume 15, Issue 1, DOI: 10.1186/s12014-018-9184-2