The Impact of Experimental Temperature and Water Level Manipulation on Carbon Dioxide Release in a Poor Fen in Northern Poland

Wetlands, Jan 2018

Peatlands are ecosystems for which carbon budget relies strongly on the meteorological and hydrological conditions. Here, using a manipulative field experiment, we measured ecosystem respiration (RECO) over two years (2013–2014) in a poor fen in Poland to estimate the carbon emission in a changing climate. The experiment consisted of warming (open-top chambers - OTC) and water table manipulation. The application of OTC increased the mean values of daily maximum air temperature by approx. 1.1–1.8 °C. Warming or the increased water table depth separately resulted in an increase in ecosystem respiration by approx. 0.1 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1 and 0.3 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1, respectively. However, our results show also the additive nature of warming and water table drawdown impact on daily RECO during the studied years (2013–0.80 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1 and 2014–1.16 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1). With the natural dry period event which occurred in 2014, the seasonal RECO increased by approx. 0.2 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1 as compared to the previous year. Projected global warming will therefore significantly enhance C loss from poor fens in this region of Europe.

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The Impact of Experimental Temperature and Water Level Manipulation on Carbon Dioxide Release in a Poor Fen in Northern Poland

The Impact of Experimental Temperature and Water Level Manipulation on Carbon Dioxide Release in a Poor Fen in Northern Poland Mateusz Samson 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Sandra Słowińska 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Michał Słowiński 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mariusz Lamentowicz 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Jan Barabach 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Kamila Harenda 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Małgorzata Zielińska 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Bjorn J. M. Robroek 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Vincent E. J. Jassey 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Alexandre Buttler 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Bogdan H. Chojnicki 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Department of Geoecology and Climatology, Polish Academy of Sciences , Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa , Poland 1 Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, UMR CNRS 6249, UFR des Sciences et Techniques , 16 route de Gray , Université de Franche-Comté , F-25030 Besançon , France 2 Meteorology Department, Poznan University of Life Sciences , ul. Piątkowska 94, 60-649 Poznań , Poland 3 Mateusz Samson 4 Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest , Site Lausanne, Station 2, 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland 5 Biological Sciences, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ , UK 6 School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering ENAC, Laboratory of Ecological Systems ECOS, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL , Station 2, 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland 7 Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Monitoring, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University , Dzięgielowa 27, PL-61 680 Poznań , Poland 8 Department of Biogeography and Palaeoecology, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University , ul. Dzięgielowa 27, 61 680 Poznań , Poland 9 Department of Environmental Resources and Geohazard, Institute of Geography, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kopernika 19, 87-100 Torun , Poland 10 Department of Water Engineering and Management, Institute of Technology and Life Sciences , Falenty, al. Hrabska 3, 05-090 Raszyn , Poland Peatlands are ecosystems for which carbon budget relies strongly on the meteorological and hydrological conditions. Here, using a manipulative field experiment, we measured ecosystem respiration (RECO) over two years (2013-2014) in a poor fen in Poland to estimate the carbon emission in a changing climate. The experiment consisted of warming (open-top chambers - OTC) and water table manipulation. The application of OTC increased the mean values of daily maximum air temperature by approx. 1.11.8 °C. Warming or the increased water table depth separately resulted in an increase in ecosystem respiration by approx. 0.1 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1 and 0.3 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1, respectively. However, our results show also the additive nature of warming and water table drawdown impact on daily RECO during the studied years (2013-0.80 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1 and 2014-1.16 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1). With the natural dry period event which occurred in 2014, the seasonal RECO increased by approx. 0.2 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1 as compared to the previous year. Projected global warming will therefore significantly enhance C loss from poor fens in this region of Europe. Poor fen; Climate change; Ecosystem respiration; Open top chambers; Water table depth; Climate manipulation design - 7 8 9 10 Introduction Peatlands play an important role in the global carbon cycle, despite the fact that they cover less than 3% of the global land area. With an estimated 270–547 Pg carbon (C) stored as peat (Clymo et al. 1998; Turunen et al. 2002; Yu et al. 2010) – i.e. 50–500 kg C m−2 – peatland ecosystems comprise over one-third of the global soil carbon pool (Gorham 1991; Lappalainen 1996; Rydin and Jeglum 2013) . Peatlands are largely located in the northern hemisphere, almost 80% can be found in the boreal and subarctic zones (Smith et al. 2007; Yu et al. 2010) , 10% in the tropics and Southeast Asia, and 10% in the temperate zone (Lappalainen 1996; Frolking et al. 2011) . Peatlands have for long been considered as economically useful sources of carbon (Kirkinen et al. 2007, 2010) , but recently the attention shifted towards their conservation due to their role in the global carbon cycle, affecting global climate (Frolking et al. 2011). Their functioning as carbon sink, however, relies both on temperature and hydrology (Fekete et al. 2010) , which in turn affects the groundwater table, and indeed these are the main drivers controlling C fluxes in peatland ecosystems (Gunnarsson 2005; Limpens et al. 2008; Lund et al. 2010; Waddington et al. 2015) . However, various disturbances affect the C sink potential, most often implying changes in soil microbial activities (Strack and Waddington 2007; Dorrepaal et al. 2009; Dieleman et al. 2015; Robroek et al. 2015; Pullens et al. 2016) or plant community composition (Dorrepaal et al. 2003; Buttler et al. 2015) . Increase global warming is an important driver of change in the carbon balance of (...truncated)


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Mateusz Samson, Sandra Słowińska, Michał Słowiński, Mariusz Lamentowicz, Jan Barabach, Kamila Harenda, Małgorzata Zielińska, Bjorn J. M. Robroek, Vincent E. J. Jassey, Alexandre Buttler, Bogdan H. Chojnicki. The Impact of Experimental Temperature and Water Level Manipulation on Carbon Dioxide Release in a Poor Fen in Northern Poland, Wetlands, 2018, pp. 1-13, DOI: 10.1007/s13157-018-0999-4