Hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias: a consensus document from the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) and ESC Council on Hypertension, endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS) and Sociedad Latinoamericana de Estimulación Cardíaca y Electrofisiología (SOLEACE)
Hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias: a consensus document from the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) and ESC Council on Hypertension, endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS) and Sociedad Latinoamericana de Estimulacion Cardıaca y Electrofisiologıa (SOLEACE)
Gregory Y.H. Lip 11 12 21 23
Marın 11 12 21 23
Oliveira Figueiredo 11 12 21 23
Reviewers: Gheorghe-Andrei Dan 11 12 21 23
Irina 11 12 21 23
0 Eskisehir Osmangazi University , Eskisehir , Turkey
1 Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London , UK
2 Colentina University Hospital, Medicine Faculty, University of Medicine “Carol Davila”-Bucharest Romania
3 Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, CO , USA
4 Division of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan
5 Cardiology Department, Medicine School, State University of Campinas , Sao Paulo , Brazil
6 Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital , via S. Pansini 5, bld
7 Electrophysiology and Cardiac Devices, Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich; Zurich , Switzerland
8 Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia , Murcia , Spain
9 St George's University Of London , London , UK
10 Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Trousseau , Tours , France
11 , Bulent Gorenek
12 , Marcio Jansen de
13 1 , Napoli 80131 , Italy
14 National Cardiovascular Institute , NUSCH, Bratislava , Slovak Republic
15 University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
16 University Medical Centre, Hypertension Department, Hospital Dr. Peter Drzaja , Ljubljana , Slovenia
17 Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, Head of Hypertension Department , Istanbul , Turkey
18 Clinic for internal disease Intermedica, Cardiology department-Hypertension centere , Serbia
19 Korea University Medical Center , Seoul , Korea
20 Clınica Delgado , Miraflores, Pe ́rou
21 , Robert Hatala
22 University of Wisconsin, Clinical Science Center , Madison , USA
23 , Laurent Fauchier
24 Hypertension and Vascular Risk Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clınic (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
25 Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University , Aalborg , Denmark
26 Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham , UK
27 School of Medicine, Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade University , Belgrade , Serbia
28 Third Department of Cardiology, Athens University School of Medicine , Athens , Greece
29 Cardiology Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena , Modena , Italy
30 Department of Cardiology, Danderyd University Hospital Corp , Stockholm , Sweden
31 Karolinska Institutet Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
32 Department of Cardiology, Memorial Ankara Hospital, Heart and Health Foundation of Turkey , Ankara , Turkey
33 Department of Internal Medicine, Holbaek Hospital and Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark , Denmark
Corresponding author. Tel: þ44 121 5075080; fax: þ44 121 507 5503. E-mail address: Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. VC The Author 2017. For permissions, please email: .
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Giovanni de Simone , Wendy S. Tzou , Chern-En Chiang , and Bryan
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, Dragan Lovic
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Hypertension is a common cardiovascular risk factor leading to heart failure (HF), coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral artery
disease and chronic renal insufficiency. Hypertensive heart disease can manifest as many cardiac arrhythmias, most commonly being atrial
fibrillation (AF). Both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias may occur in hypertensive patients, especially in those with left
ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) or HF. Also, some of the antihypertensive drugs commonly used to reduce blood pressure, such as thiazide
diuretics, may result in electrolyte abnormalities (e.g. hypokalaemia, hypomagnesemia), further contributing to arrhythmias, whereas
effective control of blood pressure may prevent the development of the arrhythmias such as AF. In recognizing this close relationship between
hypertension and arrhythmias, the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Council
on Hypertension convened a Task Force, with representation from the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society
(APHRS), and Sociedad Latinoamericana de Estimulacion Cardıaca y E (...truncated)