Application of electrical geophysics to the release of water resources, case of Ain Leuh (Morocco)
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Application of electrical geophysics to release of water resources, case of Ain (Morocco) the Leuh
A. Zitouni 2
A. Boukdir 2
H. El Fjiji 1 2
W. Baite 2
V.R. Ekouele Mbaki 2
H. Ben Said 2
Z. Echakraoui 2
A. Elissami 0 2
et M.R. El Maslouhi 2 3
Laboratory of Industrial engineering 2
Faculty of Sciences 2
Technics 2
Sultan Moulay Slimane 2
0 National Office of Electricity and Drinking Water (ONEE) , Rabat , Morocco
1 Méditerranée Travaux Etudes Et Conseils D'ingénierie (MEDITEC-IN) , Beni Mellal , Morocco
2 University , Beni Mellal , Morocco
3 Oum Er-Rbia Hydraulic Basin Agency (ABHOER) , Beni Mellal , Morocco
Being seen needs in increasing waters in our contry for fine domestics, manufactures and agricultural, the prospecting of subterranean waters by geologic and hydrogeologic classic method remains inaplicable in the cases of the regions where one does not arrange drillings or polls (soundings) of gratitude (recongnition) in very sufficient (self-important) number. In that case of figure, the method of prospecting geophysics such as the method of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and the method of the geophysics radar are usually used most usually because they showed, worldwide, results very desive in the projects of prospecting and evaluation of the resources in subterranean waters. In the present work, which concerns only the methodology of the electric resistivity, we treat the adopted methodological approach and the study of the case of application in the tray of Ajdir Ain Leuh.
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1 Introduction
The mountains are generally called "water towers of the planet". This qualifier is based on
the precipitation potential associated with terrain and snow-ice retention. The barrier effect
(according to moist air masses) and the altitudinal effect result in more abundant
precipitation and snow-ice storage (depending on altitude) of precipitation; storage returned
to surface and underground flows during the summer seasons. The mountain water appears
in this scheme as an abundant and inexhaustible resource renewing from one year to
another [14].
However, access to drinking water, especially in mountainous areas, is a major factor in
economic development, and in improving the standard of living of populations and their
stabilization in rural areas.
This study is part of securing the drinking water supply for the mountainous area at the
Ajdir Ain Leuh plateau.
It is in this context, we present in this work the contributions of the application of the
method of electrical soundings to the recognition of different aquifer formations. This will
make it possible to define underground water potential and quantify the groundwater table
in order to decide on the most appropriate option for mobilizing groundwater resources,
taking into account productivities, quality as well as the constraints linked to the influence
of water mobilization on water resources already exploited, including sources [5].
2 Description of the study area
2.1 Geographical setting
The Ain Leuh and Mrirt zones are located southeast of the Sebou basin between Ifrane and
Khénifra on the main road n° 24 (Fig. 1), they belong to the Middle Atlas tabular plateau,
framed on the north by the South-West corridor-Rifain, to the south by the High Atlas and
the valley of Upper Moulouya, to the east by the valley of the Middle Moulouya and to the
west by the Moroccan Meseta.
Morphologically, the Ain Leuh-Mrirt area is characterized by a tabular structure, more
faulted than folded, by a monotonous relief implying the Middle Atlas pleated with
accentuated folds, high mountains and deep marly depressions. It is a monotonous lithology
of weakly folded liasic limestones which is responsible for this platitude.
2.2 Climate context
The climate prevailing in the Middle Atlas is Mediterranean Type Mountain; it is
characterized by a wet and cold climate. This particular climate of the Middle Atlas is due
mainly to its altitudinal position, its geographical situation and its exposure to marine
influences [15]. The clouds coming from the west give abundant precipitations (rain, snow)
in contact with the Middle Atlas. The natural barrier that forms the chain Atlasique creates
a dissymmetry on the climatic plan: the Atlantic facade exposed to the winds coming from
the NW is more watered; as for the SE facade which is subject to the influence of the
Saharan climate [
16
].
In general, the climate of the causses is a Mediterranean climate of mountain, cool and
wet; it snows in abundance on the heights and the quantities of rain exceed 1100mm / year
in Ifrane, but as we decent towards the south, the rains become less abundant.
2.3 Hydrogeological context
The Moroccan average atlasic causse has been the subject of several geological studies. Il
est constitué de plateaux d’altitude comprise entre 1000 et 2200 m, constitués par la
prédominance de formations carbonatées du Lias inférieur et moyen, découpées en blocs t
consists of plateaus of altit (...truncated)