Remote monitoring system for real time detection and classification of transmission line faults in a power grid using PMU measurements

Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems, Jun 2018

Remote monitoring of transmission lines of a power system is significant for improved reliability and stability during fault conditions and protection system breakdowns. This paper proposes a smart backup monitoring system for detecting and classifying the type of transmission line fault occurred in a power grid. In contradiction to conventional methods, transmission line fault occurred at any locality within power grid can be identified and classified using measurements from phasor measurement unit (PMU) at one of the generator buses. This minimal requirement makes the proposed methodology ideal for providing backup protection. Spectral analysis of equivalent power factor angle (EPFA) variation has been adopted for detecting the occurrence of fault that occurred anywhere in the grid. Classification of the type of fault occurred is achieved from the spectral coefficients with the aid of artificial intelligence. The proposed system can considerably assist system protection center (SPC) in fault localization and to restore the line at the earliest. Effectiveness of proposed system has been validated using case studies conducted on standard power system networks.

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Remote monitoring system for real time detection and classification of transmission line faults in a power grid using PMU measurements

Gopakumar et al. Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems Remote monitoring system for real time detection and classification of transmission line faults in a power grid using PMU measurements Pathirikkat Gopakumar 2 Balimidi Mallikajuna 0 Maddikara Jaya Bharata Reddy 0 Dusmanta Kumar Mohanta 1 0 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technology , Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu 620015 , India 1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering , BITS Mesra, Ranchi , India 2 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology , Calicut, Kerala , India Remote monitoring of transmission lines of a power system is significant for improved reliability and stability during fault conditions and protection system breakdowns. This paper proposes a smart backup monitoring system for detecting and classifying the type of transmission line fault occurred in a power grid. In contradiction to conventional methods, transmission line fault occurred at any locality within power grid can be identified and classified using measurements from phasor measurement unit (PMU) at one of the generator buses. This minimal requirement makes the proposed methodology ideal for providing backup protection. Spectral analysis of equivalent power factor angle (EPFA) variation has been adopted for detecting the occurrence of fault that occurred anywhere in the grid. Classification of the type of fault occurred is achieved from the spectral coefficients with the aid of artificial intelligence. The proposed system can considerably assist system protection center (SPC) in fault localization and to restore the line at the earliest. Effectiveness of proposed system has been validated using case studies conducted on standard power system networks. Phasor measurement unit (PMU); Backup protection; Fault classification; Support vector machine (SVM); Equivalent power factor angle (EPFA) 1 Introduction Real time backup monitoring system for transmission lines is quintessential for stable and reliable operation of any power grid. Such backup system plays a crucial role during power grid fault conditions and protection system breakdowns [ 1–5 ]. Hence, such methodologies are gaining much research attraction in recent years [ 6–11 ]. Emerging phasor measurement units (PMUs) facilitate realization of remote monitoring system for transmission lines using global positioning system (GPS) and wide area communication systems. Backup monitoring systems based on PMUs are being developed and tested across the globe. Major functionalities of such remote backup monitoring system are detecting and classifying the transmission line faults occurred in a power grid [ 12–15 ]. Numerous researches have been presented in literature for transmission line fault detection and classification using PMUs. Major research works are enumerated here. Fault classification scheme based on SVMs for preventing incorrect operation of conventional distance relays was presented in reference [ 15 ]. However, the paper does not discuss about discrimination of faulty phases. Reference [ 16 ] proposed protection method based on PMU measurements for transposed and un-transposed transmission lines. Although the proposed scheme detects the fault, no method was presented to classify the type of fault. Fault detection, classification and location using PMU measurements was presented in reference [ 17 ]. But influence of fault resistance (FR) and fault inception angle (FIA) on fault classification was not studied. Fault location technique for multi-terminal transmission lines was presented in reference [ 18 ]. The paper did not discuss about fault classification. Technical issues associated with fault diagnosis based on the data acquired from intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) were discussed in reference [ 19 ]. It can be perceived from the literature that majority of the fault detection and classification methods presented are focused on specific transmission line configurations. Fault monitoring of whole power grid require execution of these methods for all transmission lines. This may not be feasible in practice or incur increased overall cost when employed in as backup protection system. This paper proposes a remote backup fault monitoring system for detecting and classifying all types of transmission lines faults occurred anywhere in a power grid. The system can achieve the functionalities using PMU measurements at any one of the generator buses. Frequency domain analysis of equivalent power factor angle (EPFA) is employed for detecting the fault. Classification of the fault is achieved with the aid of artificial intelligence. Proposed methodologies studied and validated on WSCC-9 (Western system coordinating council) bus system and IEEE-39 bus system. Precise detection and classification of fault occurred at any locality of a power grid with minimal measurements form the major contribution of this paper. Th (...truncated)


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Pathirikkat Gopakumar, Balimidi Mallikajuna, Maddikara Jaya Bharata Reddy, Dusmanta Kumar Mohanta. Remote monitoring system for real time detection and classification of transmission line faults in a power grid using PMU measurements, Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems, 2018, pp. 16, Volume 3, Issue 1, DOI: 10.1186/s41601-018-0089-x