Relation between cigarette smoking and ventilatory threshold in the Japanese

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, Sep 2010

The link between cigarette smoking and ventilatory threshold (VT) was investigated. We used data for 407 men and 418 women not taking medication. Habits of cigarette smoking were obtained through interviews by well-trained staff. The influence of cigarette smoking on oxygen uptake, work rate, and heart rate at VT was evaluated. Oxygen uptake at VT in women and work rate at VT in men with cigarette smoking were significantly lower than in subjects without cigarette smoking after adjusting for age. The differences of parameters at VT did not reach significant levels after adjusting for age and exercise habits in both sexes. However, in women without exercise habits, there was significant difference of oxygen uptake at VT between women with and without cigarette smoking after adjusting for age [cigarette smoking (+): 11.5 ± 1.8 ml/kg/min, cigarette smoking (−): 12.4 ± 2.1 ml/kg/min, p = 0.0006]. The number of cigarettes smoked per day and the Brinkman Index were not clearly correlated with oxygen uptake at VT. A combination of promoting exercise habits and prohibiting cigarette smoking might be recommended for improving the aerobic exercise level, especially in women.

A PDF file should load here. If you do not see its contents the file may be temporarily unavailable at the journal website or you do not have a PDF plug-in installed and enabled in your browser.

Alternatively, you can download the file locally and open with any standalone PDF reader:

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs12199-010-0178-6.pdf

Relation between cigarette smoking and ventilatory threshold in the Japanese

Environ Health Prev Med Relation between cigarette smoking and ventilatory threshold in the Japanese Nobuyuki Miyatake 0 1 2 3 4 Takeyuki Numata 0 1 2 3 4 Kenji Nishii 0 1 2 3 4 Noriko Sakano 0 1 2 3 4 Takeshi Suzue 0 1 2 3 4 Tomohiro Hirao 0 1 2 3 4 Motohiko Miyachi 0 1 2 3 4 Izumi Tabata 0 1 2 3 4 0 K. Nishii Okayama Health Foundation Hospital , Okayama Health Foundation, Okayama 700-0952 , Japan 1 T. Numata Okayama Southern Institute of Health , Okayama Health Foundation, Okayama 700-0952 , Japan 2 N. Miyatake (&) N. Sakano Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University , 1750-1, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793 , Japan 3 M. Miyachi I. Tabata National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Shinjuku , Tokyo 162-8636 , Japan 4 T. Suzue T. Hirao Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University , Kagawa 761-0793 , Japan The link between cigarette smoking and ventilatory threshold (VT) was investigated. We used data for 407 men and 418 women not taking medication. Habits of cigarette smoking were obtained through interviews by well-trained staff. The influence of cigarette smoking on oxygen uptake, work rate, and heart rate at VT was evaluated. Oxygen uptake at VT in women and work rate at VT in men with cigarette smoking were significantly lower than in subjects without cigarette smoking after adjusting for age. The differences of parameters at VT did not reach significant levels after adjusting for age and exercise habits in both sexes. However, in women without exercise habits, there was significant difference of oxygen uptake at VT between women with and without cigarette smoking after adjusting for age [cigarette smoking (?): 11.5 ± 1.8 ml/ kg/min, cigarette smoking (-): 12.4 ± 2.1 ml/kg/min, p = 0.0006]. The number of cigarettes smoked per day and the Brinkman Index were not clearly correlated with oxygen uptake at VT. A combination of promoting exercise habits and prohibiting cigarette smoking might be recommended for improving the aerobic exercise level, especially in women. Cigarette smoking; Oxygen uptake; Exercise habits; Ventilatory threshold Introduction Cigarette smoking has become an important public health challenge, and it has been reported that 39.4% of men and 11.0% of women are current smokers in Japan [ 1 ]. Cigarette smoking is also a strong risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in a dose-dependent manner [ 2 ]. Exercise is considered as a useful method for preventing and improving atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. The ventilatory threshold (VT) is defined as the upper limit of aerobic exercise and is thought to serve as an accurate and reliable standard for exercise prescription [ 3 ]. Since the exercise intensity at VT is not harmful to cardiovascular function, it can be safely applied to patients with myocardial infarction as an exercise prescription [ 4 ]. We have previously reported that aerobic exercise level was significantly lower in subjects with metabolic syndrome than that in subjects without the syndrome [ 5 ], and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in subjects with cigarette smoking than that in subjects without cigarette smoking [ 6 ]. However, the relationship between cigarette smoking and aerobic exercise level defined by VT is not fully discussed. The aim of this study is to explore the link between cigarette smoking and VT in the Japanese population. Subjects and methods Subjects We used data for 407 Japanese men (aged 42.1 ± 11.4 years) and 418 women (aged 44.8 ± 12.0 years) (5.8%), retrospectively from a database of 14,345 subjects who met the following criteria: they had (1) wanted to change their lifestyle, i.e., diet and exercise habits, and had received an annual health checkup from June 1997 to May 2007 at Okayama Southern Institute of Health, (2) they had received anthropometric and oxygen uptake at VT measurements and evaluation of cigarette smoking as part of the annual health checkup, (3) received no medications for diabetes, hypertension, and/or dyslipidemia, and (4) provided written informed consent (Table 1). Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Ethical Committee of Okayama Health Foundation. Anthropometric measurements Anthropometric and body compositions were evaluated based on the following parameters: height, body weight, abdominal circumference, and hip circumference. Abdominal circumference was measured at the umbilical level, and the hip was measured at the widest circumference over the trochanter in standing subjects after normal exhalation [ 7 ]. Cigarette smoking The data on cigarette smoking were obtained at interviews by well-trained staff in a structured way. The subjects were asked if they currently smoked cigarettes. When the answer was ‘‘yes,’’ they were classified as current smokers and further questions were asked regarding the average number of cigarettes smoked per day and their age at starting smoking. When the answ (...truncated)


This is a preview of a remote PDF: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs12199-010-0178-6.pdf

Nobuyuki Miyatake, Takeyuki Numata, Kenji Nishii, Noriko Sakano, Takeshi Suzue, Tomohiro Hirao, Motohiko Miyachi, Izumi Tabata. Relation between cigarette smoking and ventilatory threshold in the Japanese, Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 2010, pp. 185-190, Volume 16, Issue 3, DOI: 10.1007/s12199-010-0178-6