Vija Riekstina Jerome Robert Sarah Royce H. Simon Schaaf Kwonjune J. Seung Lena Shah Tae Sun Shim Sonya S. Shin Yuji Shiraishi Jose Sifuentes-Osornio Giovanni Sotgiu Matthew J. Strand Payam Tabarsi
California, San Francisco; Jussi Saukkonen, MD, Boston University, Massachusetts; H. Simon Schaaf, MD, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Giovanni
The American Thoracic Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Infectious Diseases Society of America jointly sponsored the development of this guideline for the treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis, which is also endorsed by the European Respiratory Society and the US National Tuberculosis Controllers Association. Representatives from the American Academy...
Background South Africa has one of the highest incidences of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in the world. Concomitantly, aminoglycosides are commonly used in this country as a treatment against MDR-TB. To date, at least five mutations are known to confer susceptibility to aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss. The aim of the present study was to develop a rapid screening...
South Africa has one of the highest incidences of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in the world. Concomitantly, aminoglycosides are commonly used in this country as a treatment against MDR-TB. To date, at least five mutations are known to confer susceptibility to aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss. The aim of the present study was to develop a rapid screening method to...
H Simon Schaaf Ben J Marais Andrew Whitelaw Anneke C Hesseling Brian Eley Gregory D Hussey Peter R Donald Background: The clinical, radiological and microbiological features of culture
The clinical, radiological and microbiological features of culture-confirmed childhood tuberculosis diagnosed at two referral hospitals are described. Cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from children less than 13 years of age at Tygerberg and Red Cross Children's Hospitals, Cape Town, South Africa, were collected from March 2003 through February 2005. Folder review and chest...
Background. In most countries with a high burden of tuberculosis, children with tuberculosis are prescribed isoniazid at dosages of 4–6 mg/kg/day, as recommended by international authorities. Methods. We studied isoniazid concentrations in 56 hospitalized children (median age, 3.22 years; interquartile range [IQR], 1.58–5.38 years) who received isoniazid daily (median dosage, 5...
Background The tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics are poorly controlled in sub-Saharan Africa, where highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) has become more freely available. Little is known about the clinical presentation and outcome of TB in HIV-infected children on HAART. Methods We performed a comprehensive file review of all children...
The tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics are poorly controlled in sub-Saharan Africa, where highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) has become more freely available. Little is known about the clinical presentation and outcome of TB in HIV-infected children on HAART. We performed a comprehensive file review of all children who commenced HAART...
EDITORIALS Aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss: South Africans at risk Soraya BardienI, *; Greetje de JongI; H Simon SchaafII; Tashneem HarrisIII; Johan FaganIII; Lucretia PetersenIVIDivision of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and, Tygerberg Hospital, W Cape IIDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch...
BACKGROUND: Ototoxicity following aminoglycoside treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), is a significant problem. This study documents the incidence of ototoxicity in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients with MDR-TB and presents clinical guidelines relating to ototoxicity. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of 153 MDR-TB patients with normal hearing and...
BACKGROUND: Ototoxicity following aminoglycoside treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), is a significant problem. This study documents the incidence of ototoxicity in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients with MDR-TB and presents clinical guidelines relating to ototoxicity. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of 153 MDR-TB patients with normal hearing and...
Background. Evidence is limited to guide the management of children exposed to multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis. We aimed to study the tolerability and toxicity of a standard preventive therapy regimen given to children exposed to infectious MDR tuberculosis, and explore risk factors for poor outcome. Methods. In this prospective cohort study in the Western Cape, South...
Background. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis in children is frequently associated with delayed diagnosis and treatment. There is limited evidence regarding the management and outcome of children with MDR-tuberculosis. Methods. All children <15 years of age with a diagnosis of culture-confirmed MDR-tuberculosis were included in this retrospective cohort study from 1 January...
Background. Moxifloxacin is currently recommended at a dose of 7.5–10 mg/kg for children with multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis, but pharmacokinetic and long-term safety data of moxifloxacin in children with tuberculosis are lacking. An area under the curve (AUC) of 40–60 µg × h/mL following an oral moxifloxacin dose of 400 mg has been reported in adults. Methods. In a...
Young children exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis have a high risk of disease progression following infection. This study aimed to determine risk factors for M. tuberculosis infection and disease in children following exposure to adults with multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB). Cross-sectional study; all children aged < 5 years, routinely referred per local guidelines...
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) presents a challenge for global TB control. Treating individuals with MDR-TB infection to prevent progression to disease could be an effective public health strategy. Young children are at high risk of developing TB disease following infection and are commonly infected by an adult in their household. Identifying young children with...
While the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) is high among children in the Western Cape of South Africa, the psychosocial implications of treatment for children with MDR-TB remain poorly understood. We sought to explore how MDR-TB and its treatment impact children on an individual, familial, and social level. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with...
